My School Essay

I,________,have been a part of the _________School District my entire life. For me school has been a mixture of emotions. Some years I loved school and learning and other years I hated school and felt as if I would never amount to anything. The movie Stand and Deliver made me wonder how much better of a student I could have been if all my teachers cared as much as Mr. Escalante. In elementary school I had mixed emotions. I loved school up until about 3rd grade but then I started to hate school. It became harder for me to get good grades and I felt dumb. Many of my teachers also had my sister, who was an A+ student so they would always make statement about how I should follow in her footsteps and such. But I was never as smart as her or good at school like she was. Once I was in the 3rd grade I began to struggle with all subjects except reading, once this struggle began I started to care less about school and grades. Middle school is where things began to turn around for me. In the 6th grade I had Mr. Pollock as one of my teachers. He was the most caring teacher I have ever had,  he showed me I could do anything I put my mind too and he pushed me to succeed the way Mr. Escalante pushed his students. In the movie Mr. Escalante says â€Å"Students will rise to the level of expectations† and this is exactly what my teacher did to me, he set the expectations high and then pushed me to exceed them. High school was another good experience. I always was a â€Å"teacher’s pet† and got good grades without really trying. I never studied while in high school and was very involved in extracurricular activities. This was good for me then but has caused me problems now. Now that I am in college and have to study and really work hard I don’t do as good as I would like. In my opinion my past schooling has set me up to fail in college. Even though I was taught the things I needed to be taught. I didn’t learn to push myself. I got by either just barely or passing with flying colors†¦ I, Thanh Nguyen, I have been grown up in Vietnam, so I went to elementary, middle, high school there. And the education is a lots harder here in States. For me school has been a mixture of emotions. Some years I loved school and learning and other years I hated school and felt as if I would never amount to anything. In elementary school I had mixed emotions. I loved school up until about 5rd grade but then I started to hate school In my opinion my past schooling has set me up to fail in college. Even though I was taught the things I needed to be taught. I didn’t learn to push myself. I got by either just barely or passing with flying colors†¦

Incomplete

Froes explains that the â€Å"One Lesson of Business† is that, â€Å"Wealth is created when assets move from lower to higher-valued uses. † (p. 12) Froes goes on to spend most of the chapter talking about how taxation destroys wealth and that government subsidies (and all government spending is a subsist) also destroys wealth. Apply Frost's â€Å"one lesson of business† to a specific government tax-and- spend decision that you support or else use the â€Å"one lesson of business† to explain why you are an anarchist.AY) If you are not an anarchist, then explain how the government creates wealth by axing-and-spending to produce some program somewhere that you support. Why do you think that the tax dollars are worth less to taxpayers than the value of the government program you selected? This can't be a zero-sum game that happens to benefit you personally. The â€Å"One Lesson of Business† is about wealth creation. For example, I can't simply defend Me dicare because I like that it pays for my mother's healthcare. That doesn't explain whether Medicare creates wealth.I would need to justify whether Medicare's total benefits to society are greater than its cost to society. If government doesn't create value somewhere, then we would be better off without it and we should be anarchists. AY) If you are an anarchist, then explain why all taxation and government spending (subsidies) should be eliminated. In particular, you should take on the biggest spending programs of government: defense, healthcare (mostly Medicare), pensions (mostly Social Security), and education.These programs account for over 2/3 of total government spending (including state and local government), so if you are an anarchist, you should focus on where most of the money goes. . Froes says that businesses that are less bureaucratic and more free-market will be more successful. For example, on page 16, Froes says that, â€Å"Organizations impose ‘taxes,' Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsubsidies,' and ‘price controls' within their companies that lead to unprofitable decisions. Pick one of the following questions and indicate whether you have chosen to address X or Y: X) How do corporations and other organizations â€Å"tax† the individuals, divisions, and/pr departments within the organization? Give a specific example. Do not use any government mandated taxes as your example. Would the organization be better off if it completely avoided the kind of ‘taxation' in your example? Y) How do organizations impose â€Å"price controls†? Give an example where a bureaucrat (manager) imposes a price control (a pre-determined, fixed price) upon the people in the organization.Explain whether it is better to eliminate this particular price control. 7. Suppose you have capital that is currently worth $1,000 and your cost of capital (WAC) is 10%/year. How much operating profit per year would you need to earn to be generating economic value by staying in business according to EVA? 8. Think of a pacific example outside of the textbook where someone in an organization (team, school, business, government, etc. ) made a bad decision and use Frost's rational actor paradigm to diagnose the problem. A) What is the problem (very briefly)? B) What caused the bad decision?C) How could you fix the problem? Could anyone change the organizational structure, information, incentives, (or culture)? How well would your proposed change solve the problem? 9. You traveled to Memphis over the weekend but need to return to work in Columbus early Monday morning. On Sunday afternoon, your flight is postponed until Monday night due to hurricane Eke. Since this is a pleasure trip, you bought a non-refundable ticket for $250. You can still get a ticket on a Greyhound bus for $90 and still get home by 6:AMA. Under what circumstances should you buy the Greyhound ticket and â€Å"ride the dog† overnight? 0. You are the production manager for Widgets, Inc . Current production is 1,000 widgets and all have been ordered by your regular customers. The phone rings and a new customer wants to buy 1 more widget and offers you $1,000 if you increase production to 1,001 widgets. Should you accept this offer? Remember that it is often harder to make decisions if you Just try o estimate the cost than if you figure out the total profit. You do not need to know what the other customers paid. Below are your average total cost which is the total cost divided by the quantity of widgets.Quantity Average Total Cost Current Production 1 ,oho $200 Make One More? 1,001 $201 A) What is the marginal revenue of selling one more? B) What is the total cost currently (selling 1000 units) C) What would the total cost be if you sell 1001 units? D) What is the marginal cost of producing the 1st widget? E) What do you tell the new customer? 11. A) Your firm received an REP (request for proposal) on a wire harness from GM hat will require an investment with fixed costs of $1 million and a constant marginal cost per unit of $1 with expected sales of 1 million units.What is the break-even price per unit that you will need to quote in order to avoid losing money? B) GM agrees to the price you quoted, and then hands you with a POP (purchase order) for 0. 5 million units, what do you say? Why? 12. You have fixed costs of $100/year, and you can produce and sell 100 units per year but you sell a commodity, so you are at the mercy of the going market price and you cannot raise your price above whatever price the market is currently at. Your marginal cost is $5. If the market price declines, what is your break-even price below which you will shut down?Note that there are two different answers for two different possible scenarios. Give both possible answers for full credit. Don't worry about the opportunity cost of capital (WAC). Assume that that is included within the fixed cost figure. 13. Suppose there are two technologies for producing pizzas in M acaque. The solar oven requires $100 in fixed costs, but $9 in marginal costs versus the electric oven which requires $50 in fixed costs but $10 in marginal costs due to the high cost f electricity.What quantity of production will make you indifferent between the two different technologies? This is useful because in making capital expenditure decisions there is often this tradeoff and finding the break-even quantity helps strategies about which investment will be most profitable. The idea is that for small quantities one technology will have higher total costs and for large quantities the other technology will have higher total costs. Your Job is to see what quantity makes you indifferent between the two technologies because they have the same total cost.

Why I Am in College

Channy Dr. Broussard 02/19/2013 The reason why I’m in college is for to better myself by obtaining a degree in Elementary Education, to show my family that I can achieve a degree and for my children. I been out of school for twelve years so this was a big step for me. Trying to juggle college and working full-time is going to be a challenge. I am in college because it is the best way for me to get a high paying job.By going to school and obtaining a bachelor’s degree in education I will be doing what it takes to accomplish my goals. Pie- In order to become a teacher, I’ll have to go to a four year university, pass the Praxis, and the state board. Illustration- The information one learns in college classes will prepare them to teach because it provides the framework for future knowledge and growth. Explanation- Getting a degree is important to me because it allows me to follow in my mother footsteps and teach young children.In order to become a teacher, I’l l have to go to a four-year university, pass the Praxis, and the state board. The information one learns in college classes prepare them to teach because it provides the framework for future knowledge and growth. If I do not acquire this information I will be unfit to teach in a classroom setting. Getting a degree is important to me because it allows me to follow in my mother footsteps and teach young children.

Cost Benefit Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Benefit Analysis - Essay Example Notably, according to a 15 year model on fortified iodine by Food Standards Australia New Zealand   in Australia, fortification will give rise to benefits after one year from the time it was implemented, and more importantly, the benefits accrue to the individuals who achieve iodine replete status before 15 years of age and also they remain iodine replete to that age.Notably, according to a 15 year model on fortified iodine by Food Standards Australia New Zealand in Australia, fortification will give rise to benefits after one year from the time it was implemented, and more importantly, the benefits accrue to the individuals who achieve iodine replete status before 15 years of age and also they remain iodine replete to that age.Costs Evidently, the cost of the mandatory fortification includes the cost to the government that comprises of administering as well as enforcing fortification, the cost of the health monitoring, and the cost to the industry of fortification. Moreover, there are other potential cost that will be involved due to the introduction of the policies complementary to fortification and restriction of consumer choice. Essentially, due to fortification, the consumers are likely to face a reduction of choice and this can also result to an increase of price of the processed products. Although the cost of reduction of choice may not be quantified, it is clear that fortification will not give chance to the consumers to avoid fortified products and therefore they will have to make some considerable changes to their dietary habits. According to Caldwell et al. the salt production in United States is slightly above 60,000 tones. Mainly, due to mandatory fortification, salt manufacturers will require some machinery together with equipment that will match the demand for the iodized salt (Caldwell et al. 932). Similarly, some of the industries will have to make some changes in labeling of the product in order to make sure that the iodized and non-iodized salt is not confused. Evidently, also the industries will have to add an iodine compound to the premix of salt which will be followed by analytical testing. The industries will also incur additional ware-housing costs owing to the fact that there is need to store separately the specific iodized salt. Similarly, the government will also have to undertake training and awareness with regard to the mandatory fortification, administration, auditing, and also instate mechanism for dealing with complaints. All this activities will require some additional costs. Benefits Generally, the benefits associated with fortification include a reduction in morbidity due to a reduction of iodine deficiency disorders, increased IQ and hence this will also result to improved productivity, reduction of absenteeism of employees who suffer from iodine deficiency disorders and related management cost, and enhanced performance at school and improved school attendance. More importantly, all of these benefits cannot be measured directly (Zimmerman

Marketing Principles for Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Principles for Business - Coursework Example Marketers ought to take a bold approach in their attempt to understand the external environment of the business and the PESTEL model emerges as the most comprehensive approach to the external environment. PESTEL is a mnemonic that denotes Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental aspects of the external environment. This framework helps marketers in checking and keeping track with the external environment when planning to execute a given strategy. As much as the external environment is not under the control of a business, it is possible to tailor the marketing approach to suit the prevailing economic factors (Koumparoulis, 2013, p.32). The categorization of the external environment aspects by the PESTEL model is ideal since it aligns the environmental assessment to the strategy of the business. The political factors of the external environment concern the possibility of the economy or industry to be influenced by the state government. The government can intervene through trade tariffs, tax policies, and restrictions to trade, environmental regulations, labor regulations and fiscal policies. For instance, the imposition of a new tax may have the effect of changing an entire revenues generating unit of a business (Koumparoulis, 2013, p.33). These interventions are intended to protect either the consumers or the businesses. For instance, the Sherman Act (1890) serves to inhibit firms in U.S. to restricting trade through the creation of cartels and monopolies. To that end, marketers need to anticipate and respond effectively to political factors by adjusting the marketing policy in an appropriate manner. The economic factors significantly influenced the manner in which a business is conducted and its profitability. Economic factors include exchange rates, interest rates, and patterns of economic growth, inflation rate and the disposable income of the consumers. For instance, an increase in

Human Resource Management at McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Management at McDonald's - Essay Example Much of the time, employees are motivated by their working environment and thus some of these employees rise to top positions with in the company. Fairhurst claims that about 80% of service crews advance to store managerial positions, serving the company for 10 years on the average ("HR challenges... I'm lovin' It, 2005"). It is a fact that McDonald's is one of the top fastfood chains in the world, serving 50 million people daily in their 30,000 restaurants spread in over 119 countries worldwide. McDonald's actually started small by a certain Czech-American entrepreneur from the town of Plzen named Raymond Albert Kroc. Kroc was originally a salesman who sold five-spindled milk shakers called "Multi-mixers". His interest in providing fastfood to people was aroused when he heard of a hamburger stand in California that operates 8 Multi-mixers at a time in 1954 ("Mc Donald's History, n.d.") Kroc then met the McDonald brothers Dick and Mac, to which he immediately proposed the concept of a chain of fastfood restaurants named after themselves. Through the Kroc and the McDonald's brother's collaboration, the first McDonald's restaurant opened in Des Plaines in Illinois ("Fascinating Mc Facts, 2005"). Kroc then propagated the McDonald's chain through franchising, in which he is considered as one of the proponents of the system. Currently, 73% of McDonald's restaurants are owned by about 5,400 independent franchisees all over the world. McDonald's is also considered as a pioneer of specific menus and systems that cater to their specific clients ("Mc Donald's Corporate Responsibility Report"). One good thing about the franchise system allows the franchisees to handle restaurant operations and the workforce under them if they are trained and guided well. At present, McDonald's has a 1.6 million strong workforce, with only 398,000 people hired directly by the company. While each restaurant is responsible for individual policies they may have on bringing in, compensating and rewarding their employees, franchisees or independent owners, are required to promote a general set of "people practices" espoused by the company. This is checked through regular assessment of restaurant operations and recommendations by corporate specialists on training and research ("Mc Donald's Corporate Responsibility Report 2004 (Supplement)") 60% of McDonald's employees (or "crew" as they are commonly called) is 16-21 years old. The average crew member handles such tasks as cleaning the floors, waiting tables, cooking etc., garnering free meals and other benefits while earning by the hour. For most of the crew, employment at McDonald's is their first step into the "real world" and although some may leave the company for another job some stay in the company at an average of 1.6 years ("Tootelian, n.d.") This employee loyalty is attributed to the company's excellent Human Resources training and policies which specifically targets the development of basic workplace skills and attitudes among its employees. As the crew gains experience, they are given opportunities to be assimilated into the company to handle leadership and management roles while some may move on to other companies. Company personalities such as Mc

Is our planet in trouble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is our planet in trouble - Essay Example Diamandis does acknowledge that the world does indeed face numerous challenges; however, advancements in technology by virtue of Moore’s Law, increase in the number of people entering into the Internet and increased funding of innovation by techno-philanthropists are some of the factors that will lead to the development of solutions to these global challenges. The arguments raised by Gilding and Diamandis have their merits and demerits. Gilding looks at situation from a more conservative perspective and uses pessimism or more rightly fear to push us towards incorporating environmental sustainability in all our endeavors. Diamandis on the other hand is more liberal and uses optimism or opportunities to push us towards seeking innovative solutions to facing our current global challenges. Ultimately, though, we do agree with Gilding that we have to incorporate environmental sustainability in all our endeavors. The unarguable fact is humanity does need what nature provides (â€Å"Footprint Basics - Overview†). We do need resources derived from nature to build the technology needed to face our global challenges. So, yes, technology can save us from ecological overshoot however we do need the ecology first in order to build the

Identification of managerial, financial, legal and ethical Essay - 2

Identification of managerial, financial, legal and ethical implications - Essay Example Whatever legislature that pertains to the subject matter is covered under a set of workplace Torts. Ineffective administrative communication leads to frustration and the buildup of stress within the organization. A major reason for this could be the legal principle of â€Å"Respondeat Superior† which places the responsibility of the activities of the employee on the superior or the manager. Thus, the senior – junior relationship is constantly strained and is one of perpetual scrutiny rather than warmth or affection. At one extreme of this we have the tendency among some in power to abuse their position through threats, abuse, intimidation and retaliatory discharge, all of which are cause of legal action. In an effort to reduce the probability of wrongful discharge, some states, such as Connecticut, Montana, Maine and Michigan have enacted legislation that protects employees from terminations that are found to be arbitrary and capricious (Pozgar & Santucci, 2007). At the other end, the employees themselves should ethically adhere to a strict code of conduct that respects patient specific and facility specific information. Also, the court enunciated a corporate negligence doctrine in 1965 under the Darling Vs Charleston Community Memorial Hospital which stated clearly that a hospital has the duty to provide an adequately trained medical and nursing staff. Legal statues and workplace torts require that employers must communicate clearly to prospective employees that their employment is at will and can be terminated at any time by either the employer or the employee. This shall encourage the employee to work properly as well as clear any misconceptions that may arise later. In recent years however, the rule that employment for an indefinite term is terminable by the employer whenever and for whatever cause he chooses

Human errors in aviation maintenance Research Paper

Human errors in aviation maintenance - Research Paper Example It is also a known fact that until the industry of aviation realizes from these happenings, safety breakdowns related to maintenance problems will resume taking place. Human mistakes instead of technical breakdowns have the maximum potential to unfavorably affect existing safety of aviation. The Boeing Commercial Airplane Company lately examined 220 recognized accidents and established the topmost three contributory causes to be: Crews of flight not sticking to procedures, Safeguarding and examination errors and defects in design. US statistics specify that 80% of accidents in aviation are because of errors of human with 50% owing to problems of maintenance human factor. To err is human, that is what the proverb states. It is a truth of existence of human beings. People are not machinery of precision intended for accurateness. Indeed, humans are a distinctive type of device completely. Originality, flexibility, and adaptability are their strong points. Constant attentiveness and accuracy in action or recollection are their weaknesses. Humans are astonishingly mistake tolerant. They are tremendously flexible, vigorous, and imaginative, excellent at discovering clarifications and explanations from incomplete and strident evidence. The same traits that take to such heftiness and originality also generate errors. The natural propensity to understand partial information although regularly their prime asset can instigate operators to misconstrue system activities in such a reasonable fashion that the misunderstanding can be hard to find out. Majority of the fundamental reasons that are a factor to mishaps can be considered as various kinds of human error. One way to define human error is as improper behavior of humans that let down intensity of system efficiency or security, which can or can not result in a calamity or grievance (Wickens, Gordan, Liu, 1998). Theoretically, the phrase human error might

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 59

Essay Example Economics considers resource availability, such as land and capital as well as factors of production. An economic model serves as an analysis of financial considerations. Economic models are theoretical constructs using charts, graphs, or other mathematical analysis tools to better understand how to make financial, business, or investment decisions. Such models consider many different variables, such as consumption and consumer incomes, to assist businesses in forecasting production or pricing their products; as one example. Government uses economic models to plan logistics or even create economic policy (or monetary policy) based on observable trends in the economy or environment. It can include accounting modeling to measure credits or debits in industry, or even scenario planning to guide executive decision-making related to finance and capital investment. Microeconomics involves the study of economics as it pertains to the individual. It involves studying firm finance and resources, individual consumer finance and activities, and the worker related to their productivity or income allocation. As one example, microeconomics would measure the relationship between household income and the volume of products consumed, such as household budgeting planning and banking needs. Macroeconomics is more in-depth and measures the whole of an economy. It would consider all consumers related to a national economy. Issues of consumer supply and demand, related to price setting, would be an example of macroeconomic study. For government, it might also measure the income capacity of many different urban regions to determine what area of the country would be best served for investment in infrastructure projects. Normative economics measures what should be, while positive economics studies what actually is. Normative economics is subjective and is based on value judgments

Fracking Essay Example for Free

Fracking Essay â€Å"Fracking,† or hydraulic fracturing, is a controversial technology that was originally developed over 60 years ago. It allows us to obtain oil and hydrocarbons from otherwise inaccessible underground locations by drilling thousands of feet into the Earth and intentionally fracturing the shale. The oils and hydrocarbons are collected and then refined into pipeline quality natural gas. Natural gas is cleaner, more reliable, and more abundant than other fossil fuels. In recent years, people in America have become more concerned with the environment, and fracking has been a topic of frequent debate. We have seen firsthand what a boost these natural gas extraction facilities can give the economy, there are thousands of jobs being created and increasing amounts of refined natural gas being sold. New steel factories are being constructed to produce the materials required for the natural gas well casings. We don’t have to do a lot of dealing with trading or transport of natural gas, because most of the natural gas we use in America is extracted from our own soil. For this reason, many people are concerned with the impact fracking is having on our health and our environment. One major issue with the process is the risk of contaminating the ground and drinking water near the fracking wells. The wells are filled with high pressure fracking fluid, which contains chemicals and metals that are harmful to humans and our soil. Another possible problem or danger is gas migration, where drilling activity can cause methane build up in nearby wells of drinking water, contaminating the air and water supply with the dangerous gas. The natural gas industry accounts for forty percent of methane gas emitted in America. Breathing in and drinking or eating these harmful pollutants is not only directly harmful to those in the area either, as the livestock and crop can become contaminated before being distributed for sale to unknowing customers. Effects of these pollutants vary, but most of them are hazardous to human health, and can include cancer, respiratory or cardiovascular failure, and developmental damage. Fracking certainly has the potential to decrease our foreign oil dependency by tapping into our abundance of shale gas. It would definitely be best to redesign our process first, before irreversible damage is done to our environment.

Attacking currency trends how to anticipate and trade big moves in the forex market Essay Example for Free

Attacking currency trends how to anticipate and trade big moves in the forex market Essay Terrorism has been a great challenge to almost all countries in the world. Though it is very challenging for two countries to come into a point of ending war against terror, at times accepting democracy may not be the solution. The term requirement refers to a thing that is required prior condition of something else to exist or happen. War against terrorism does not end because democracy demands. In the real world, war against terrorism ends when one side wins while the other side loses. However, democracy is not a prerequisite towards ending war against terror. In a free world, countries should not accept any form of government they tend to choose. Some forms of government such as dictatorial and Monarchical do not resemble a free world. Such governments do not allow people to participate in decision-making process in regard to important matters affecting their nation, and thus may contribute to terrorism. It is ironic for a â€Å"free† country to demand others to be just like them. Technological advancement has led to the change of business practices. The use of computers in the business premises has contributed to faster means of carrying out transactions, safer way of keeping records and saving time. This is particularly in retrieving important documents. Documents are accurately stored which prevents loss of important documents that are used for future decision making and auditing among other benefits (Brown 2008). On the other hand, adoption of e-commerce has also changed the current business practices. It has contributed to an easier way of reaching customers across the globe without travelling, thus increasing sales that in turn lead to increased profits. It is a confidential way of conducting business as communication is only between the buyer and the seller without the use of agents. It has both negative and positive effects towards individual nation-states. Use of modern technology contributes towards economic growth as it leads to increased government revenue through taxation. It has also led to unemployment as use of computers and e-commerce in businesses has replaced large numbers of casual laborers. Global treaties should be adhered to by a member state without any compromise. Industrialization has been the dream of every country but has also contributed towards environmental degradation. Many treaties have been signed such as the Kyoto agreement of December 1997 with the aim of controlling emissions released to the environment such as greenhouse gases. The effectiveness of such treaties and their implementation is solely achievable via unity among the developed countries such as the U.S, thus U.S should assume a cooperative role in such treaties. In most cases, the hero undergoes harsh situations in life which in turn makes their roles become unique and different from others. She believes that even in cruel, harsh societies, courage will rise.  In  order for her to fight fear, courage has to rise under any circumstance. Harsh and cruel societies make heroes to be more courageous, and thus this makes her believe that the courage will rise despite life challenges. For example, the late Nelson Madera from South Africa never allowed fear to dictate his actions despite the challenges he faced during the struggle for independence. The foreign exchange market is a decentralized global market dealing with trading of currencies (Michalowski 2011). The main active players in this market are the larger national banks. It assists international investments and trade through enabling currency conversion. For instance, it permits a business from a country as United States to import goods from another country such as European Union member states. Especially in Eurozone members, the U.S business pays in Euros even if its income is in United States Dollars. It also supports direct evaluation and speculation relative to the currencies’ value, and the carry trade. It also speculates differences in interest rates between two currencies. Different factors precipitate a currencys strength. Many economists think that the strength of a country’s economy determines the strength of its currency, but the question remains why the British pounds are stronger than US dollars yet their strength of their economy is otherwise. Firstly, low rates of inflation in a country increase the nations value of currency as well as purchasing power in relation to other currencies. Secondly, interest rates that are directly correlated as when one increases the other factor increase. Relative strength of other currencies obviously affects the exchange rate of a country’s currency in the foreign exchange market. Capital mobility which is classified under three main categories which include external debts, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment (Etwaroo et al. 2008). Political and economic factors used by investors when determining which countries to make investments that in turn strengthen the country’s currency. Other factors include speculation and balance of trade. Trade barriers refer to government-included restrictions on international trade. These trade barriers can take different forms such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers to trade such as export licenses, import licenses, import quotas, voluntary export restraints, currency devaluation and trade restriction (Cohen 2010). Trade barriers are criticized for their effect on the developing countries. Trade barriers like taxes on food imports or farm inputs subsidies lead to overproduction and dumping on world markets by developed countries, hence hurting poor-country farmers and lowering prices of goods. Tariffs also tend to be anti-poor, with high rates of labor-intensive processed goods and low rates for raw commodities. Another negative aspect related to trade barriers is that it would lead to limited choice of production thus forcing customers to accept inferior quality at higher prices. Almost all world countries have been experiencing strikes and labor unions revolts. Negotiations towards solving such problems have at times failed as different companies opt to find other alternatives rather than increasing salaries. The current wage rate in the United States and increased cost of living perhaps have been affecting production rate of different companies. If the prevailing wage rate and increasing cost of living continue, production rates continue to be pushed out which may affect the economic growth rate. As discussed above, different economic factors affect the strength of a country’s currency. Of late, European countries especially those in Euro zones have been experiencing political unrest, price fluctuations, inflation, loss of market, and increased cost of living among other economic upheavals. These challenges may cause the collapse of Euro. This may make the US dollar stronger compared to Euro if America avoids such economic crises and implement strategies of strengthening the currency. References Brown, R. (2008). Lasers, tools of modern technology. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. Burke, C. S., Pierce, L. G., Salas, E. (2009). Understanding adaptability a prerequisite for effective performance within complex environments. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Cohen, R. B., Ferguson, R. W. (2010). Nontariff barriers to high-technology trade. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. Michalowski, G. (2011). Attacking currency trends how to anticipate and trade big moves in the forex market. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Source document

Project Analysis Of New Wembley Stadium

Project Analysis Of New Wembley Stadium The construction of the new Wembley stadium is a project which has been both controversial and fascinating. The aim of the project was to design and build a state-of-the-art national stadium, unlike any other in the world, to be the home of English football and to host large events such as Cup Finals, music events and athletics. The new stadium is eventually expected to become an icon in the same way as the old stadium with the twin towers replaced by the arch. The new 90,000 all-seat stadium will be operated by WembleyNational Stadium Ltd (WNSL) and is now expected to be finished and signed off by late summer 2006, ready to host its first events in 2007 (following a block of event cancellations in 2006). The old stadium was closed in 2000 and demolished in 2002. Construction of the new stadium began in October 2002. FINANCE OF THE NEW STADIUM To overcome financial concerns over the new stadium, the parties involved came to an agreement on a fixed-cost contract. This made provision for a building cost of around  £352 million, with total projectcosts of  £757 million. Under such an arrangement, the client is protected from exposure to budget over-runs or delays in construction. That risk is borne by the main contractor; Multiplex (UK) Ltd. Cyril Sweett acted as independent consultants for WNSL in April 2002 and cleared the Multiplex contract as representing value for money. A National Lottery fund investment of  £120 million was made into the stadium. Financial backing of  £426 million for theproject was secured through West Deutsche Landesbank of Germany. Ken Livingston and Brent Council secured  £21 million in funding for the project and a further  £17.2 million from WNSL for improvements to transport infrastructure in the area around the stadium. The stadium will be linked to Wembley Park Station (London Underground) via Olympic Way and also WembleyCentral Station via the White Horse bridge. The stadium has now also triggered a major regeneration scheme in the surrounding area. Nathaniel Lichfield and Partners was the planning consultan t for the project. DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE The design (50 year design life) of the new stadium is both functional and architecturally significant. Sir Norman Foster designed the arch and the roof structure, with the remainder of the stadium being designed by architects Foster and Partners and HOK Sport. The stadiums unique features include retractable roof panels and the arch. These were developed in response to the particular requirements of the stadium, one of which was the need for a high-quality grass pitch in order to achieve UEFA 5 star stadium status. By using retractable roof panels, which retract to the south, it allows as much daylight and ventilation to reach pitch level as possible. The arch itself is not just a cosmetic feature; it supports the north roof and a sizeable area of the south roof. THE ARCH AND ROOF The arch was designed to give the appearance of solidity without incurring the penalty of high wind loads. The arch has a lattice form consisting of 41 steel rings (diaphragms) connected by spiralling tubular chords and is formed of 13 modules with two tapering end sections. The arch (7.4m in diameter at the base and weighing 1,750t) tapers at its ends and is supported on 70t hinges which are in turn supported on concrete bases founded on piles 35m deep. Inclined from the vertical, the arch is held in position by a series of forestay and backstay cables tied to the main stadium structure. The leading edge of the north roof is in turn suspended from the arch by the forestay cables. Cables from the arch are arranged in a diagonal pattern to help spread loads to control in-plane bending while also providing out-of-plane restraint to resist buckling. The arch structure is 133m in height, with a span of 315m and is the longest single-span roof structure in the world. The 50,000m2 roof is essential to the operation of the stadium as a sporting and concert venue. Weighing some 7,000t, the roof has a number of retractable edge sections which can be manoeuvred to allow direct sunlight to reach all parts of the grass pitch (to allow the pitch to achieve top quality). If necessary (e.g. during inclement weather), the roof can be retracted in around 15 minutes to cover every seat inside. The arch at a 68 ° tilt from the horizontal supports 5,000t of the roof structure. With its load-bearing capabilities, the arch allowed designers to eliminate the need for columns within the interior, which means that every stadium seat has an unobstructed view of the pitch. The arch fulfils another function aside from supporting the majority of the roof. It also provides a beacon for the stadium, illuminating the north-west London sky on match days. The designers vision for the arch was a tube of light that would hover over the stadium at night creating an iconic statement. To achieve this effect, 258 metal halide floodlights were mounted within the arch to illuminate the internal faces of the lattice and the structural rings that form its structure. Because the arch is lit from within, the outer faces remain dark and increase the dramatic effect by adding depth and contrast and giving the appearance that the light is trapped within the lattice structure. The arch also has an aircraft safety light at the top. CONSTRUCTING AND RAISING THE ARCH Construction of the arch began in 2003; it was fabricated on-site using steel modules fabricated by steel subcontractor Cleveland Bridge. Cleveland Bridge has since left the project over some serious contractual difficulties with the main contractor Multiplex. The arch was lifted in four key stages in June 2004 and temporarily supported on five restraining cables. Structural engineers from the Mott Stadium Consortium worked closely with Multiplex and the newly appointed steelwork subcontractor Hollandia to transfer the load, in excess of 1,300t, to the permanent cable net and eyebrow catenary cable. The final positioning of the arch to 112 ° was completed at the end of 2005, with the arch being rotated to take up the full roof load. CONTRACTORS The main contractor for the project was Multiplex of Australia.Project management (PM) was undertaken by Symonds who also carried out the PM for the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. The Structural Engineers and Consultants included SVE Franklin and Andrews; Nathanial Lichfield and Partners; Steer Davies Gleeve and Mott Stadium Consortium (Connell Wagner, Mott MacDonald, SKM, Weidlinger, M-E Engineers). The original steel contractor was Cleveland Bridge but they were eventually replaced by Hollandia. The ME contractor for the project was Emcor Drake Scull and the building services engineering was carried out by Mott MacDonald. The original stadium demolition was carried out by Griffiths McGee. For the foundations of the new stadium the piling specialist was Stent and the concrete specialist was PC Harrington. PITCH LAYING On 19 June 2006 the laying of the new Wembley turf was completed. The laying process took a week and required more than 10,000m2 of turf to create the new playing surface. The turf arrived at the stadium in giant rolls measuring between 12m to 16m long and 1.2m wide, and was transported in 25 lorry loads. The fibre sand pitch is made up of an underlying web of heating and drainage pipes plus 22,161t of crushed stone, gravel, grit, sand and a blend of sand / soil and fibre. The grass used for the turf was selected from 250 different varieties with each square metre of turf containing 150,000 to 200,000 leaf blades. To maintain the world-class Wembley pitch the roof will be left fully open between events to allow the turf to be exposed to direct sunlight and ventilation. The sub air system installed under the pitch has ducts that are able to supply warm air to the the pitch to heat it and the same system can also be used to remove excess moisture from the pitch if required. Steve Welch is the Grounds Manager responsible for keeping the turf in excellent condition. FEATURES OF THE STADIUM To understand the size of the project, the stadium encloses 4 million m3 inside the walls and under the roof. The construction has required 90,000m3 of concrete, 23,000t of steel and 35 miles of heavy-duty power cable. Four thousand separate piles were used to form the foundations, the deepest of which was sunk to 35m. The stadium roof rises 52m above the pitch and the circumference of the building is 1km. The roof structure covers 11 acres, 4 acres of which are movable. The 90,000 seat capacity makes it the second largest stadium in Europe next to the Nou Camp stadium in Barcelona with a capacity of 98,000, but it will certainly be one of the largest stadia in the world to have a covering roof. The seating is much more steeply banked than previously so that no seat will have a restricted view. Minimum seat depth will be 80cm, with a minimum width of 50cm. The stadium will have the facility to convert to an athletics venue by virtue of a removable steel and concrete platform which will rise 6m above the football pitch (the new pitch is 4m lower than in the old Wembley stadium). Installing the running track decreases the capacity of the stadium to 68,000. The front row at each end will now be between 8m to 13m from the touchline, compared with 40m in the old stadium. In addition there will be 310 wheelchair spaces with attendant companion spaces, and increased capacity for other physically impaired spectators. There will also be 400 media seats, 2,618 toilets and four main banqueting halls, the largest of which can accommodate 2,000 people. The stadium incorporates an external concourse surrounding it which is able to cater food and drink for 40,000 spectators at one time. CONTROVERSY AND EVENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION When the project first started it was delayed for two years over financial and political difficulties and eventually got underway in late 2002. The stadium was supposed to be completed by May 2006 for the FA Cup Final (but this was transferred to Cardiff) after consultation with Multiplex about when the stadium would be finished. Multiplex are now paying penalties for the late finishing of the contract although they have threatened to sue WNSL over changes in the design which they suggest were responsible for the project being late. A few construction problems have been highlighted during theproject. The first was a problem between Multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge. Cleveland Bridge walked off the job in 2004 shortly before the arch was raised because they did not believe they would be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between the two parties. The problems resulted in two high profile court cases where the two companies have sued each other for breach of contract (Multiplex sued for  £45 million and Cleveland Bridge sued for  £22.5 million to recover what it believed it was owed). As of June 2006 the courts had found in favour of Multiplex because of breach of contract, but Cleveland Bridge is appealing. The second problem involved a temporary roof support rafter, which fell by over half a metre in March 2006. This resulted in the evacuation of 3,000 construction workers and delayed worked while inspections and reports were carried out. Theproject was started again shortly afterwards. Later in March 2006 a third problem came to light. The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement. Remedial work was put into action for this and is currently nearing completion. The stadium is expected to be completed by late summer 2006 and hosting a full programme of events during 2007. About Wembley Stadium Wembley National Stadium Limited (WNSL) is the company that has redeveloped Wembley Stadium as the worlds leading sport and music venue. Offering up to 90,000 fans unrivalled views of the action in state-of-the-art facilities while generating an unbeatable atmosphere, Wembley Stadium is setting new standards for supporters and performers alike. The aim of the project is to develop an iconic stadium for football and rugby league, which also has the capability to stage major international athletics events. If the project is successful, the stadium will be suitable for holding flagship events, make available a specified minimum number of seats to the general public, and be financially viable in its own right without the need for ongoing public subsidy. Any profits generated by the stadium will be used by the Football Association for the benefit of football. The project is scheduled for completion in early 2006 and is expected to cost  £757 million, of which the public sector funders are providing  £161 million. The original public funding, a lottery grant of  £120 million from Sport England (the largest it has ever given), was paid in full at the outset of the project and used principally to finance the acquisition of the existing Wembley stadium and business in 1999. Had the project not proceeded in 2001 after it failed to secure the commercial financing needed, Sport England would have been entitled to recover its grant but this would not necessarily have been straightforward. Lottery funding was provided on the basis that the stadium would be capable of hosting major international athletics events. Concerns about the viability of the proposed design led to the removal of athletics from the plans for the stadium but provision for athletics has now been reinstated. In April 2001 the Football Association approached the Department to request further public funding for the project, having been unable to secure the commercial financing needed. In September 2002, after a detailed review process, the Department concluded that the project was worthy of further support and committed  £20 million of government funding. In reaching its decision on whether to provide additional public funds the Department, working closely with Sport England, took account of Mr Patrick Carters review of the project and also took assurance from work by the Office of Government Commerce and other external experts. The Department also considered the risks that the project will face as it moves forward and the mechanisms put in place to address the risk of, for example, the stadium taking longer or costing more than expected to build or the projects viability being undermined by a shortfall in revenue. In negotiating the contractual arrangements for the project, the public sector funders accepted that their interests would be largely subordinated to the senior bank since it was providing over half the funding for the project, compared with their 21 per cent. In the worst case, the bank would have first call on the projects assets in the event of the project getting into serious financial difficulty. But for other circumstances, the public sector funders secured provisions which protect the public interest and which should be enforceable without compromising the viability of the project.

Definition of Military Discipline :: Definition Disciplines Military Army Essays

Definition of Military Discipline Military Discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. It involves the ready subordination of the will of the individual for the good of the group. Military discipline is an extension and specialized application of the discipline demands habitual but reasoned obedience that preserves initiative and functions unfalteringly even in the absence of the commander. Discipline is created within a command by instilling a sense of confidence and responsibility in each individual. Discipline demands correct performance of duty. The need for discipline is best inculcated in individual by appealing to his sense of reason. In the few instances where appeal to reason fail, the use of punishment is effective in causing a recalcitrant individual to conform and perhaps appreciate the need for discipline. Condemnation and earned praise from senior to his subordinate, either individually or collectively, for tasks well done serve to strengthen the disciplinary bonds which bind together the smooth functioning team. Max Anders says, "Only the disciplined ever get really good at anything." Everything in life requires some sort of discipline. Whether it is hitting a baseball, climbing a mountain, playing a musical instrument, making good grades or brushing your teeth it all comes down to a matter of discipline. "The core of a soldier is moral discipline. It is intertwined with the discipline of physical and mental achievement. Total discipline overcomes adversity, and physical stamina draws on an inner strength that says drive on." - Former Sergeant Major of the Army William G. Bainbridge Self-disciplined people are masters of their impulses. This mastery comes from the habit of doing the right thing. Self-discipline allows Army leaders to do the right thing regardless of the consequences for them or their subordinates. Under the extreme stress of combat, you and your team might be cut off and alone, fearing for your lives, and having to act without guidance or knowledge of what’s going on around you. Still, you—the leader—must think clearly and act reasonably. Self-discipline is the key to this kind of behavior. In peacetime, self-discipline gets the unit out for the hard training. Self-discipline makes the tank commander demand another run-through of a battle drill if the performance doesn’t meet the standard—even though everyone is long past ready to quit. Self-discipline doesn’t mean that you never get tired or discouraged—after all, you’re only human. It does mean that you do what needs to be done regardless of your feelings.

Existentialism in Kafkas Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

Existentialism in Kafka's Metamorphosis      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka, is based on the views of existentialism.   One of these main views is alienation or estrangement which is demonstrated by Gregor's relationship with his family, his social life, and the way he lives his life after the metamorphosis.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Gregor doesn't realize it, the relationship between him and his family is not good. Gregor is taking over his father's responsibilities leaving nothing for Gregor's father to be responsible for. At the same time, Gregor is making plans to send his sister to a good school, but he fails to discuss this idea with her.   To make things worse, Gregor even goes as far as to lock his own bedroom doors at night. He thinks that his family is content with what he is doing, but the only thing that Gregor accomplishes is to alienate himself from his family.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not only is Gregor alienating himself from his family, but he is also alienating himself from society.   Gregor goes on many trips for his job, and instead of going out to meet people, he stays at the motel and does nothing. For this reason Gregor doesn't have a friend or a girlfriend that he can find support in.   He follows the same routine everyday of his life and fails to look ahead into the future.   By secluding himself like this, Gregor's life becomes like the life of a cockroach.   It is for this reason that he transforms into this creature.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gregor's life as a cockroach is no different than his life as a human. Whenever Gregor tries to communicate with someone, the only thing that comes out of his mouth are cockroach noises that scare his family, and his appearance causes his family to not want be around him. His sister tries to take care of him, but eventually she becomes weary of this never ending task and forgets about him. Gregor is once again alienated from his

USInvasion Of Cambodia Essay -- American History

â€Å"The banyan tree grows throughout Cambodia. It may reach a height of over 100 feet, and as it grows, new roots descend from its branches, pushing into the ground and forming new trunks. The roots grow relentlessly; many of the ancient temples of Angkor have toppled as these roots have become embedded in the cracks and crevices between their massive stones. A single tree might have dozens of trunks, and it is often impossible to tell which is the original. This is Cambodia today: a thousand intertwined branches, a thousand stories woven together, a thousand currents of history swirling in different directions. To understand Cambodia in the present, it is necessary to look at Cambodia in the past.† http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/banyan1.htm This paper will begin by given a cursory overview of Cambodian history that sets the stage for the rule of Norodom Sihanouk, then, in more detail, specific events that happened between 1953 ( the date of Cambodian Independence from France) through 1973 when Sihanouk was overthrown in a coup. With the background set, I will then discuss the version of events as describe by William Blum in his work â€Å"Killing Hope.† It is my hope that an objective look can be given into the role that the United States played during the 1950’s, 60’s and early 70’s in Indochina and more specifically Cambodia. History The area that is present-day Cambodia came under Khmer rule about 600, when the region was at the center of a vast empire that stretched over most of Southeast Asia. Under the Khmers, who were Hindus, a magnificent temple complex was constructed at Angkor. Buddhism was introduced in the 12th century during the rule of Jayavaram VII. However, the kingdom, then known as Kambuja, fell into decline... ...playboy† attitude of Sihanouk. Secondly, I believe that the change in Presidency between Johnson and Nixon and the change in values that came with it lead to decisions to violate a neutral state. Lastly, I believe that Sihanouk’s attempt to always play both sides caught up to him and the people of Cambodia were the one’s to pay. Although Sihanouk has been a leader to the Cambodian people, closer observation reveals an underlying theme of protecting himself and his family. Works Cited Chandler, David P. History of Cambodia. Boulder: Westview P, 2000. Igout, Michael. Phenom Penh Then and Now. First ed. Thailand: White Lotus, 1993. Osbourne, Milton. Sihanouk: Prince of Light, Price of Darkness. Honolulu: University of Hawaii P, 1994. Shawcross, William. Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia. Revised ed. Cooper Square P, 2002.

Resemblence Between Christ and Aslan Essay

In the first two books, Aslan is a clear-cut figure. Aslan is what Jesus would be like in Narnia. He acts as a parallel and inspires fear in his enemies and love and devotion in his friends. He makes the four children high kings and queens, and banishes evil from his kingdom. It is like a fairy tale. He undergoes development through the sequence of seven books though, becoming more distanced and formal. In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Aslan seems more distant; he appears in other forms, such as a lamb. In the New Testament, Christ is depicted as a lamb. Lewis deepens the spiritual experience of his characters by making Aslan harder to find. Faith now enters into the equation, belief without seeing. An example is the mouse Reepicheep, who is determined to find Aslan’s Country (symbolizing Heaven), even if he has to swim to the end of the world to do so. The last two Chronicles address the beginning and end of Narnia. The Magician’s Nephew gives us Narnia’s Genesis account. Here Aslan is established as the Creator and he sings Narnia into existence. It is very similar to the story in Genesis of God creating the world. Aslan tells the creatures, â€Å"I give to you forever this land of Narnia. I give you the woods, the fruits, the rivers†¦The Dumb Beasts whom I have not chosen are yours also†. Other examples of the similarities between Christ and Aslan include when Aslan says â€Å"I am the great Bridge-builder†. Christ in the New Testament too says, â€Å"I am the Way, the Door†: In The Horse and His Boy Aslan tells â€Å"‘Touch me. Smell me. Here are my paws, here is my tail, these are my whiskers'† which is like Jesus telling John to touch his hands and side when he doubts Him. Another resemblance is that the blood of both Jesus and Aslan can bring the dead to life. A drop of blood from Aslan’s pierced paw revives the dead Prince Caspian and brings him to a younger version of himself in The Silver Chair. Christ’s shed blood has the power to resurrect believers into new life too. In the same book, Aslan replies â€Å"I am† which parallels the reply God gave Moses, â€Å" I Am Who I Am†. There is a Stone Table in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe that is where the Witch slew Aslan. However, the Witch did not know of magic even older than the stone table â€Å"that when a willing victim who had committed no treachery was killed in a traitor’s stead, the Table would crack and Death itself would start working backward†. This mimics the resurrection of Jesus after He dies on the cross. After the resurrection of both Christ and Aslan, it is first discovered by the female followers. In this case it being Susan and Lucy for Aslan and Mary Magdalene along with the other women for Christ. After Aslan returns to life, he goes to the White Witch’s castle and breaths life back into the creatures she had once turned into stone. Jesus creates life after death after he resurrects and holds the keys of death and Hell. The Bible and The Chronicles of Narnia have a shared likeness.

Madura Garments

Sales and Distribution Channel Structure of Madura Garments Group B9 Ishan Agrawal (11P081) Jaya S Choubey (11P083) Kumar Rahul(11P087) Abhishek Narayan (11P145) Madhur Paul (11P147) Contents Madura Garments3 Background4 Louis Philippe:4 Van Heusen:4 Allen Solly:4 Esprit:4 Planet Fashion:5 Madura Fashion & Lifestyle Channel Structure6 Data on the Channel Structure of Madura Fashion & Lifestyle8 New Product Development10 Market Overview13 Product positioning:13 Product pricing13 Competitor Channel Strategy13 Process followed15 Issues in Channel Strategy16 Issue: Selecting Channel Members16Issue: Fostering Channel Member acceptance of the new products16 Issue: Stocking and Visual merchandising17 Issue: Maintaining Product Differentiation17 Recommendations:17 Issue: Product Positioning:17 Issue: Product line expansion17 Issue: Sales Organization and Sales Culture:18 Sales Culture:18 Personal Selling Process:19 Recruitment, Selection and Training of Sales Personnel21 Step 1: Manpower Pla nning21 Step 2: Sourcing activity21 Internal Sourcing21 External Sourcing21 Step 3: Approval22 Training and Development :-22 Probation Appraisal Forms:22 Territory and Quota Management23Evaluation of Sales Personnel24 Challenges faced in implementing recommendations:26 What can be done to address these challenges? 26 References27 Madura Garments Background Madura Garments, a division of Aditya Birla Nuvo is India's leading apparel retail company. It consists of the brands: Louis Philippe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly and Peter  England. Apart from these it has a distribution agreement with the international brand Esprit for which it has opened exclusive brand outlets. Louis Philippe: Louis Philippe was the first genuinely international garment label introduced in the Indian market in 1989.Recognised as a Superbrand, Louis Philippe epitomises elegance, class and status, addressing the needs of the style conscious, contemporary Indian men. The brand brings superbly crafted range of silks , trousers, blazers, ties and T-shirts that makes an exclusive fashion statement recognised by its distinctive icon The Upper  Crest. The brand creates an image of stylish, confident, spirited, cool ensemble with hidden details, slimmer cuts. LP the youth brand from Louis Philippe, has introduced new fashion formals range for today’s young and successful urbanites. The range exudes elan, style and success which personifies today’s youth.Van Heusen: Van Heusen, India's premium work-wear brand, brought to India in 1990, has given corporate attire altogether a new look and meaning through continuous product innovation and exclusive collections such as Autumn Winter, Ken & Tony, Worldwear, Informals, IQ Clothing, winter wear, knits, innerwear and accessories. Cool Pants, designed using breakthrough technology adopted by NASA, or the Oxyrich shirts with oxygen ions to neutralise high stress levels in the intelligent clothing (IQ)range, are a few examples of the tradition of innovation that began with the invention of the collar in 1919.Worldwear is Van Heusen's extension of the best-selling range of  corporate wear for the global Indian. Allen Solly: Allen Solly has established itself as the leading western wear brand redefining the wardrobe of the modern Indian. It has popularised the Friday dressing concept in India. With the launch of its women's wear range in December 2001, Allen Solly has made a successful foray into the growing women's work and casual wear market. The brand has won the most admired brand – Womens wear IFA 2004, 2005, 2007; most admired brand -trousers IFA 2005; most admired brand – smart casuals IFA 2006.It has also won the IFA Images 2001 best brand award in the readymade menswear category. Esprit: Esprit provides a fresh look and a new style to its existing variety every month. The brand offers a variety of choices with the availability of its various collections in all the stores, to keep satisfying the need s of its growing customers. EDC by Esprit addresses young, spontaneous people who live for the moment and express this lifestyle with an individual look. Planet Fashion:Planet Fashion is the apparel retailing arm of Madura Garments, Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. It houses not only our leading (inhouse) menswear brands like Louis Philippe, VanHeusen, Allen Solly and Peter England, but also Levi's denim, Monte Carlo knitwear and most recently, Jocky innerwear in selected stores. It aims to be the complete wardrobe solution for a man – a one-stop destination for all his apparel needs. Its product portfolio ranges from corporate formal wear to casual leisurewear, accessories, t-shirts, interwear and lately, denims and innerwear. In the dynamic readymade garments industry, speed in reacting to changes in trends and customer tastes, and constant introduction of new styles are critical to success. This in turn depends on the availability of constantly updated information, up-to-date and ac curate market data, which is critical to Madura Garments for strategic decisions involving introduction of new products, quick response to customer needs, inventory management, and overall market competitiveness.To effectively deliver its products to customers, Madura Garments employs multiple distribution channels. This includes their dedicated network (Planet Fashion and Dress Circle stores), multi brand outlets, distributors, agents and branded exports, which totally add up to more than 21 distributors with 1000+ retailers and 150+ factory owned retail outlets spread over a large territory. Madura Fashion & Lifestyle Channel Structure Trade Channels: Multi Brand Outlets: This channel of Madura has declined over the years. At present, it is contributing around 20-25% of the revenue share.According to a retail manager at Madura, customers today are unwilling to buy clothes from MBOs, with modern well-staffed malls and exclusive outlets offering more personalised service. MBOs usual ly adopt branded shelf approach for stocking various products. MBOs are located throughout the country including Tier II and Tier III towns. MBOs have enabled Madura to increase its reach but they offer very poor returns, to the order, of only 2%. The channel structure for a Multi Brand Outlet is a multilayered one. Usually, it is a three level channel.The products move from the factory to major wholesalers who then distribute tham to regional distributors who finally take the product to the retail shop floor. This multilayered channel is responsible for lesser return. Factory Wholesalers Distributors Multi Brand Outlets Exclusive Business Outlets: Madura Fashion & Lifestyle has more than 1,000 exclusive branded outlets with over 1 million square feet of retail space across the country. The company greatly ramped up its exclusive Brand outlets business in 2011 by adding 250 stores in that single year only.The current count stands at 1129. Exclusive Business Outlets contribute around 30-35% share in revenue and provide 10-15% return which is highest among that provided by any other channel of Madura except planet fashion. It is essentially a zero level channel with products provided directly from the company to the outlet. The shorter channel can also be seen as one of the reasons for higher return. Department Stores: It has more than 1,000 exclusive branded outlets with over 1 million square feet of retail space across the country.The company’s brands are also present in over 100 department stores. All major department stores like Central, Lifestyle, Shopper’s Stop, Reliance and Max, to name just a few, stock different Madura brands. Planet Fashion: In 2001, Madura Fashion & Lifestyle envisioned providing a unique shopping experience to delight its customers. Soon, the company opened a distinct, specialty menswear showroom at Commercial Street in Bangalore. The thinking behind the store was to provide a superior retail experience and offer men a one-stop destination for all their apparel needs.Each of the brands is a complete lifestyle brand and has an exhaustive range of shirts, trousers, knits, winter wear, suits and accessories. They offer the best range across formal, semi-formal and casual occasions and across various price ranges. Louis Philippe caters to the style-conscious contemporary man. Van Heusen formals are the ideal choice for the corporate customer, while Allen Solly is unconventional and associated with Friday Dressing, and offers relaxed wear for the young and ambitious trendsetter. Peter England is value for money, and caters to the mid-price segment.In order to pursue its intention of providing a complete wardrobe solution to its customers, Planet Fashion has been looking at brands beyond the Madura Fashion & Lifestyle stable. Recognising the need for brand names in winter wear, inner wear, and denims, it introduced Monte Carlo, Jockey and Levi’s in select stores. Realising that wedding apparel fo r men was a huge untapped market, Planet Fashion also tied up with â€Å"Manyawar† for its range of ethnic menswear. With a strong presence in 88 cities across India as well as in the Gulf and SAARC countries, Planet Fashion stores greet more than three million customers each year.Planet Fashion has 146 stores, which by the end of the year will touch 200. The winning retail model has been successful not only in premium locations, but also in smaller towns such as Udupi, Bareilly and Dehradun. Planet Fashion is the largest chain of stores of its kind in India, with an average store footprint that ranges from 1,500-6,000 sq ft, depending on its location. To drive its growth objective, it has launched a new format of store christened – Planet Fashion Grande, which is for both men and women and offers a large section for the growing accessories market.The first Planet Fashion Grande store opened at Indiranagar, Bangalore in December 2011. Planet Fashion has ensured that no stone is left unturned to create a store that truly lives up to its name. The new store showcases select international brands such as Calvin Klein, Nautica, Esprit and EDC. For those particular about exclusive tailoring, there is a section dedicated to custom tailoring. Planet Fashion Grande is also launching made-to-measure service, where the suits will be custom tailored at the company’s factory set up with Italian collaboration. The ladies section is one-of-its-kind in Bangalore.It offers the pret line of Ritu Kumar, the exclusive printed sarees from Satya Paul, the pure ethnic collection from Seven East and the ethnic fusion range of Global Desi. On the formal front there is and, a western fusion range, Allen Solly and Van Heusen Women. All this is complemented with footwear and handbags. Madura Fashion and Lifestyle employs a direct distribution channel to Planet Fashion retail channel from its warehouses. The model of distribution employed is Consignment model wherein the stock is completely owned by the company and merchandising and Visual marketing is handled by the Company’s retail staff.The return on this business realized is 20% and it forms a 10% share of the company’s revenue. Value Channels: The value channels comprise mostly of depletion channels. This channel includes specific sales like employee sales and sales through factory outlets and also multi-brand depletion channels like Brand Factory and Lootmart. The stock is completely owned by the company in case of company specific sales while it is franchisee owned in multi-brand depletion channels.The return realized is negligible for the company. E-commerce: Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or e-commerce, is the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online tr ansaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions. Madura Fashion and lifestyle does not sell its products via company owned online space but rather sells to big online retailers like Jabong and Myntra in India.As of now, e-retail is not a big part of the company’s revenues. The stock is franchisee owned and distribution is taken care of by the company itself. It is a part of the company’s long term future to start retailing through its own brand portals and through mobile-based a pplications. Industrial Sales: This is a special case where specific orders are addressed by the company itself. This could be a case in case of very large orders or a valuable B2B business. This is a negligible portion of the company’s yearly revenues.Exports: The company exports merchandise to different countries where it operates in and to other retailers to. This is guided by license agreements between the parent brands and the company. Data on the Channel Structure of Madura Fashion ; Lifestyle Channels| About| Model| Return| Revenue Share| 1. Trade | MBOs (Multi-brand outlets)| Buy n Sell| 2%| 20-25%| 2. EBOs (Exclusive business outlets)| Buy and Sell EBOs and Consignment EBOs| Buy n SellConsignment| 10-15%| 30-35%| 3. DS (Department stores)| Shoppers Stop, Lifestyle, Max, Westside| Buy n Sell| | 15-20%| 4. PF (Planet fashion)| | | 20%| 10%| . Value Channels| Factory outlets, Brand Factory, Loot mart etc| | Marginal| 0| 6. E-commerce| | | | Marginal| 7. Industrial Sales | | | | marginal| 8. Exports| | | | 5%| New Product Development New Product Development is a process which consists of developing, testing and considering the viability of products which are new to the market. It is a complete process of bringing a new product to the market. If a company has many new products in the pipeline, then cost of development per new product is less. Also, it should be noted that most product ideas are aborted before launch.Thus, if a company has only one product in development and that product is aborted before launch, then significant costs are incurred both financially and in terms of morale of the new product team. A new product may manifest itself in different forms and have associated channel issues. These are discussed below. 1. A new product may be a product that opens up an entirely new market. In this case, the entire channel strategy has to be designed for the new market. It has to be checked whether the new product to be introduced can be served by existing channel or not. If not, then this involves the complete process of designing a new channel. . A new product may be a product that adapts or replaces an existing product. In such a case, the existing channel may work with little redesigning. 3. The new product may be such that it significantly broadens the market for an existing product. For example, new models of printers use same kind of cartridges. Here also, the existing channel may suffice to serve the new product. 4. A new product may also be an old product introduced into a new market. In such a case, a channel parallel and similar to the channel in the old market has to be established after studying the market demographics. . An old product packaged in a different way or an old product marketed in a different way might also be called a new product. In this case, existing channel may suffice if target market and positioning are same. Our Louis Philippe footwear fall into category defined by point no. 1, that is, it is a product that has opened up an entirely new market. LP has since long focused only on garments and clothing. Now, Madura wants to leverage its brand name and sell other merchandise under it. Footwear is an entirely new product category with new set of competitors coming into picture.It demands modification of existing channel or designing of a completely new channel. Existing stores which carry LP garments might not be willing to stock footwear also. The importance of new product development is immense. New products can be used to: * Increase/ defend market share by offering more choice or updating older products. * Appeal to new segments. * Diversify into new markets. * Improve relations with distributors. * Maintain the firm's position as a leading edge company. Even out peaks and troughs in demand. * Make better use of organisation's resources. Stages in new product development: 1.Idea Generation: It involves conceptualization of new ideas. Eg: Sales, R;D and production depa rtment confluence to generate new ideas. Sales team identifies a new market opportunity, R;D develops is design and production department determines its production feasibility. These functions may be cross performed also. Analysis of customers or market research by an external agency may also spur new product development. 2. Idea Screening: Ideas are checked for technical feasibility, financial viability and marketability and the poor ones are dropped. Product is evaluated on its demand, marketability and profit potential.Ideas may be rated according to marketing, production and strategic factors. 3. Concept development and testing: This stage involves turning ideas into tangible products that consumers perceive as being valuable. Concept testing consists of testing new products with a group of consumers to find out if the concepts have strong consumer appeal. 4. Marketing strategy development: An initial marketing strategy for a new product is designed based on the product concept. 5. Business Analysis: A review of the sales, costs, profit projections and breakeven points for the new product to find out whether these factors satisfy the firm’s objective. . Product Development: Engineering and production issues are resolved and the idea is translated into reality through prototypes and simulations. 7. Test Marketing: Launching a product in a small geographical area. 8. Commercialization: The product is introduced into the market. Timing is critical for success. Product has to be well targeted and positioned. The LP footwear is in the stage of commercialization. Earlier ideas considered were LP artificial jewellery, LP clothing accessories, LP sunglasses etc. But footwear was decided by management to be most appropriate and in sync with the objectives and practical constraints.There are three ways to introduce new products under the auspices of existing products: Line extension: Using an existing brand name on products within the same category. Brand ext ension: Using an existing brand name on products in a new category but within the same broadly defined market. Brand stretching: Using an existing name on a product in a different market. Using LP name to introduce footwear is a case of brand extension. The fears of brand dilution are minimized by the fact that footwear also form part of fashion and clothing and are integral to style statement of a person.For the purposes of this project, we have identified issues in the channel that are associated with changes in the marketing environment, most typically in the case of a new product development and introduction. On interaction with the channel managers, it was found that one major issue they had been facing with their channel is introduction of new products into the channel. Madura Fashion ; Lifestyle wants to leverage its brand names to introduce merchandise other than clothing. Madura Fashion and Lifestyle introduced Louis Philippe Footwear in the Spring Summer Collection, 2010.T he footwear served as a means of brand extension. The brand wanted to move forward from being an apparel category player to a wider lifestyle brand. Diversifying into newer product categories, expanding the existing product portfolio and targeting newer customers seemed like a good idea to go about doing this. The reason they chose to enter the footwear category were many. Market Overview The Indian footwear market is expected to generate total revenue of $2. 5 billion in 2011, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10. 3% between 2007 and 2011. In comparison, the Chinese market will increase with a CAGR of 5. %, and the Japanese market will decline with a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of -1. 1%, over the same period, to reach respective values of $13. 7 billion and $13. 9 billion in 2011. Sales generated through clothing, footwear, sportswear and accessories retailers are expected to be the most lucrative for the Indian footwear market in 2011, with total reve nues of $2,314. 9 million, equivalent to 91. 5% of the market's overall value. In comparison, sales through discount, variety store, and general merchandise retailers will generate revenues of $103 million in 2011, equating to 4. 1% of the market's aggregate revenues.The Indian footwear market experienced strong growth during 2011 after also having strong growth in 2010. The market is predicted to continue growing strongly over the forecast period to 2016. The performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 15. 1% for the five-year period 2011 – 2016, which is expected to drive the market to a value of $5. 1 billion by the end of 2016. Comparatively, the Chinese and Japanese markets will grow with CAGRs of 7. 8% and 0. 3% respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $20 billion and $14. 1 billion in 2016. Product positioning:The product was positioned as a premium category product targeted at customers who had high disposa ble incomes. The product could serve as a potential hook for acquiring new customers as well transforming the brand into a premium lifestyle player. The channel strategy would serve a critical factor in achieving the desired result. Product pricing The product was introduced in the premium range in the Indian market. The starting price was Rs 2400 and the closing price was 5400. Competitor Channel Strategy The Indian footwear market was densely populated with competitors. The competitors can be divided into three broad categories.The first category is product specialists who manufacture and sell their own products. The second category is the brand extension products that are sourced by companies and sold through the channels. The third category is the private players consisting of the unorganized sector of the market. The channel strategy for different companies that have launched products in this market category depends on a lot on the scale of operations they are aiming at. Channe ls like Market development partners (MDPs) are generally employed in areas that are geographically or logistically difficult to handle exclusively.Different brands employ different channel strategies. Another factor that determines the channel strategy of a brand is the positioning. An economy brand is more liable to enter small markets via MDPs as the target customers reside there and because it makes business sense. Contrastingly, a premium player may choose to employ a strategy of opening only Exclusive business outlets (EBOs) to preserve its shopping experience and exclusivity. Experience also plays a big part in deciding the channel strategy. Generally, core category players have a wider distribution network as this is their revenue generating business.Consequently they also have the required experience to carry out the operations. The following are an attempt to summarize the size and the channel strategy employed by the major market leaders in the Indian footwear market. The data employed for this analysis is indicative and approximate. Brands| Exclusive Business Outlets(EBOs)| Management Development Parters(MDPs)| Multi-brand Outlets (MBOs)/Department Stores(DS)| Turnover(Rs Cr. )| Lee Cooper| 100| 750| 1500| 200| Red Tape| 200| 500| 1500| 400| Woodland| 300| 1000| 1500| 750|Bata| 1300| 30000| 1000| 1540. 59| Liberty| 350| 4500| 1500| 310| Franco Leone| 25| 0| 850| 100| Nike| 150| 600| 1000| 700| Adidas| 350| 750| 1000| 585| Puma| 150| 500| 700| 550| Reebok| 900| 700| 1000| 1400| From the above data, we can observe that the core category players in the Indian market, the product specialists have a distinctly different channel strategy from products which are brand extensions. Product specialists usually rely on a licensee model with Management Development Partners (MDPs) to open exclusive stores in different parts of the company.However, these exclusive stores are different from company owned stores which are relatively few in number, but still far gre ater than the number of Lifestyle EBOs that carry footwear as brand extension products. Process followed Issues in Channel Strategy Issue: Selecting Channel Members The channel strategy has to be such that the product fulfills its potential to act as a brand accelerator and complete the Lifestyle promise of the brand. It has to be consistent with the brand’s core promise of freedom, individuality and success.The other functions this product could perform are to appeal to a wider set of audience in a pure category play, to engage brand loyal customers and act as a hook for potential customers. The major tasks required to be performed by the channel members are * EBOs: Complete the Lifestyle look and drive premiumness * DS and MBOs: Create a larger play for the brand * Depletion channels: Recruit customers for the brand Madura Fashion ; Lifestyle introduced these products in EBOs, Department Stores, MBOs, Planet Fashion and on the e-commerce platform. Recommendation:Footwear is introduced in Exclusive Brand Outlets (EBOs), MBOs (Multi Brand Outlets), Department stores (DS) and Planet Fashion (PF) showrooms. The remaining four channels are not relevant for a new product like footwear. Moreover, EBOs and DS are very short channels ( 2 step), so company has more control over them. Issue: Fostering Channel Member acceptance of the new products Recommendations: * Reinforce the belief of the channel members that the product would sell by sharing the results of consumer response * Convincing the retailer of the high potential value creation by the product Issue: Stocking and Visual merchandising Stocking and display handled by the company in the case of EBOs and large Multi-Brand Outlets like Shoppers Stop etc * Stocking and display to be handled by the retailer in the case of trade channels. * Training imparted to all store managers for the Visual Merchandising. * Store Management handled by the company in EBOs, and the vendor in the case of large MBOs and trad e channels Issue: Maintaining Product Differentiation Louis Philippe footwear is similar to other products offered by Madura Garments: they project the same sense of quality, style and prestige.They are differentiated on these grounds and are premium priced. They are sold in certain outlets to enhance the exclusivity factor. Since they are present across India in various stores, it is important that channel members also help create a differentiated product by conveying the same to the customers. Recommendations: * They should be displayed properly and stylishly and good services must be provided by retailers to the customers because even the customers’ experience at the outlet adds to the way the product is perceived to be different from others. The salespeople present at the store must be well trained and must communicate the superior quality and style of the footwear to the customers. Issue: Product Positioning: The retailer support is required in the form of proper merchan dise presentation and display. Since the competition is very strong in this segment, focus on product positioning is essential. Recommendations: Madura Garment should provide attractive incentives in the form of promotional allowances and special merchandising deals so that the retailer positioning is in line with the image projected by the company. Issue: Product line expansionSince Madura Garments is foraying into a new product category of footwear, it is important to aid the channel members who are used to the apparel category. Recommendations: * Explain to the channel members the reason for the addition of footwear category and its feasibility * Frequent communication with the channel members to ensure a smooth flow of information about the demand for the footwear * Company should aid the channel members in stocking, choosing a display pattern (if required) and merchandising * Ensuring trouble-free products and making provisions for return of dissatisfactory stocksIssue: Sales O rganization and Sales Culture: Currently Madura Garments have 82 stores in India and 5 outside India. In India it has store across 50 cities in India, ranging from high streets like Connaught Place and South Ex to smaller towns like Bareilly, Karnal and Dehradun. International presence inDubai, Sharjah, Qatar and Kathmandu. Sales Culture: * Components of sales culture. * Role of sales culture in developing a sound sales organization Personal Selling Process: It is the personal presentation by the firm’s sales force for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships.Personal selling is paid personal communication that attempts to inform customers and persuade them to purchase  products or services. Personal Selling Process consists of the following steps: Prospecting Pre approach Approach Presentation and Demonstration Handling Objective Closing Follow up Company’s records: Salesman refers to the company’s records and gets in touch with several old and new contact. Through this way sales may be  promoted   Retailers: The sales force get the valuable leads from the retailers since they are in direct contact with the customer and are familiar with the taste, needs, preference. 1. Pre approach:After identifying the prospect in the prospecting stage. , the second step of salesman to know about the prospect likes, dislike, preference, nature, behavior, economic and social status. 2. Approach: In this stage prospect and the salesman come in contact with each other face-to-face. Madura Garment brand and its product are well reputed to all. The branded  product also generated the curiosity among the prospects. 3. Presentation and Demonstration: Salesman gives the description about the product to the prospect through this as follow:   Salesman comes within the store or the shop of the prospect can promptly  present it to the prospect.Salesman shows the kind of quality that customer is looking for and also shows some new trend garments, it saves time ; also the customer tends to make a quick buying decision. Salesman demonstrates the product to increase the interest of the customer. 4. The Close: This is the last stage of the presentation and demonstration, in this salesman does the analysis after the presentation as : Salesman judges the mood, attitude , perception of the prospect. In all over the presentation, the salesman faces every objection with a smile and his face and confidently answering to any queries of the prospect. . Follow up: This is a critical step in creating customer satisfaction and building long-term relationships with customers. If the customer experienced any problems whatsoever, the sales  professional can intervene and become a customer advocate to ensure 100% satisfaction. Recruitment, Selection and Training of Sales Personnel Madura aims in keeping its Employment policy non-discriminative. The policy is framed in a way that it ensures consistency and equal opportunity. U tmost care is taken to check  any kind of discrimination based on caste, religion, colour, age, sex, national origin etc.Merit based Selection of candidates. 1) Sourcing the candidate by ordering for forms 2) Screening the candidate 3) Selection test 4) Personal interview 5) To ensure that all candidates are assessed objectively and fairly. 6) To appoint the Right candidate for the Right job. The recruitment process starts with the arising of a vacancy in the organization. A vacancy can arise in the following ways: Madura Garment follows following sources planning:- Step 1: Manpower Planning AOP (Annual Operating Plan), this process is taken up every year. It is taken up at Personal Level and Entity Level.Several points like Revenue generation, Acquisition number, etc. Step 2: Sourcing activity There are three types of sourcing done at Bombay dyeing. After the resumes of candidates are chosen then the same is sent to the department head where the vacancy arises. The department hea d will then shortlist the same and they ask the HR department to fix an interview with the selected candidates. There are two type of interview which is taken up at Bombay dyeing, firstly the Functional interview and then the Functional Head and HR Head takes the interview. Internal SourcingThis system provides the existing employees an opportunity to apply for higher posts aswell as for vacancies in other departments thus allow them a take up more challenging  job profile / responsibilities in other/same department. This thus becomes a kind of  motivation factor for the employees. * Employee Reference * Re-employment of former employee External Sourcing * Placement Consultant * Job Portals : timesjobs, Monster, NAUKRI. * Campus Recruitment Step 3: Approval * The process of recruitment takes about 10  ± 15 days Selection : Training and Development :-Training and development is perhaps one of the fastest growing fields in any company. The significance and value of training has been recognised by the corporate world to a great extent. Training is an act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee which they need to perform their jobs. Need for Training and Development in an Organization: * Contributes towards organizational objectives * Acquiring the requisite knowledge, skill and attitude * To achieve individual growth * Need for cross functional managers * Prepare employees for higher level jobs * Training Need IdentificationThe need for training is identified in the following manner:   Probation Appraisal Forms: The appraiser appraises the performance of the employee and gives the recommendations as to the kind of training required by the individual. Thus the training need identified. Through Performance managing strategy :- In the system, the individuals are supposed to identify training areas for  themselves along with their superiors doing the same. This is utilized by the HR. Departmental and Divisional Needs :- If a new system is star ted in a particular department, the employees of that dept. are required to be trained for using the same.Transfer :- If an individual is transferred from one dept. to other, he needs to be trained   Promotion :- If an employee is promoted, he may require training in the skills to handle the new  position. Also a gap arises in his current position and to fill this gap, training may  be required. Territory and Quota Management Sales Territory Management by Madura Garments it’s Activities to Produce Maximum Results :- How you prioritize your sales territory management activities depends upon whether you are managing a territory that has existing customers, or whether you are building your  customer base from scratch.If you manage a territory that has existing customers, your first priority should be to introduce yourself to every single one of your customers. This should be a pleasant, low-key introduction along the lines of:†I just wanted to introduce myself and see if there is anything I can do to help you. â€Å"Then, as you are chatting with your customers, you can ask:†Would you mind sharing with me how you think my company's relationship with you has been going so far? What have we been doing well? Where could we improve? † The Benefits of Sales Territory management for company :- Optimal quota and territory assignments for best use of selling resources   * Immediate integration of planning outputs into a production commissions system for accuracy and low cost operation   * Easy adjustments to attribution and change crediting * Optimized pay plan effectiveness * Maximized seller motivation * Increased sales supervisor efficiency and effectiveness   * Alignment of individual goals with strategic objectives Quota Management:- Analysts estimate organizations may lose as much as 10% of total annual sales in â€Å"lost opportunity† revenue based on misaligned territories and quotas.With Callidus Quota Management, b usinesses regain this lost revenue, ensuring quotas reflect up-to-date market dynamics and territory potential. * Helps identify opportunities to better align quotas to maximize revenue based on historical performance * Provides easy-to-use tools to uplift, discount, and prorate quota targets as needed * Supports modeling of multiple goal scenarios based on how best to achieve corporate or sales region revenue goals * Effectively automates the workflow processes around quota distribution, adjustments, and approvals * Provides up-to-date visibility into sales quotas and attainment to dateCompensation and Motivation Compensation :- Madura Garments group compensate there salesman by providing them the following  benefit:- Base Salary:- The fixed amount to be paid according to a system of job classification or market  based criteria (round about 2-3 lakhs ). Incentives:- Additional variable pay based on performance against objectives and payable incash, stock or tax-deferrable arran gements (1% on their sales target). Protectives:- Programs which insure employees against loss of life or earning ability, and which insure against major current expenses. life insurance * medical insurance * survivor's income * dental insurance * disability income Paid Time Off  :- Vacations, holidays, family leave, jury duty, etc Motivation:- In Madura Garments group motivation to salesperson is done accordingly :- * Performance Appraisal is the process of Evaluating the Achievements of the Sales Force in Terms of Requirements of the Job * The Appraisal System is Essentially a Comparison of Sales Force Goals and Objectives With Actual Achievements in the Field * Giving the sales achiever award to the best sales man of the year. Doing fair practices, means no bias in the organisation. * Keep improving the working standards Evaluation of Sales Personnel For any industry it is very essential to have a cost effective & efficient distribution channel that adds value in to whole value chain. Effective distribution channel and integrated supply chain management help in growth of industry and make it more competitive. India has large and diversified textile industry with different segments and sectors; therefore it has fragmented sales and distribution network Sales ChannelMadura Garments group do their product promotion by giving advertisement in T. V,Radio, Newspaper, Magazine, road side banners etc. In Madura Garments group, there are so many popular lifestyle brands and international  brand. These brands are given below and Madura Garments Group also opened exclusive  brand outlets:- * Louis Philippe * Peter England * Allen Solly * Van Heusen * Esprit * Planet Fashion Challenges faced in implementing recommendations: 1. Dissatisfaction in the channel members not selected for the distribution of this product. . Inventory management in the face of changing fashion tastes of the people. 3. Channel members demand of a clear return policy. 4. Fostering collabor ation and shared investment in the growth of the product, visual merchandising, stocking and sales force management. 5. Training and management of sales force. 6. Evaluating channel members performance using modern trade and retail metrics What can be done to address these challenges? The company has to invest in delivering long term partnerships with the channel members.The performance of the product is the main criteria for evaluating the success of a product. However, the success of the product also depends a lot on the acceptance of these new products in the channel. The company has to focus on continuous dialogue and information sharing between theses channel partners. The company can also offer to extend credit support to the channel members in specific cases. The flow in the channel needs to be maintained. The stocking has to be handled by the company itself following the proposed process.Overall, greater coordination is required in all spheres of the channel relationships. R eferences 1. http://www. sifyims. com/pdf/Sify-ES. pdf 2. Mr. Suman Saha, Manager, Key Accouts, Madura F&L (9743999672) 3. Mr. Deepak Thakur, Group Manager, Lous Phillipe, Madura F&L (9743999434) 4. Mr. Ajay Vendala, Manager, Strategy, Madura F&L (9743999287) 5. Mr. Suraj Holla, Manager, Strategy, Madura F&L (9743999239) 6. Mr.. John James, Staff Manager, Planet Fashion 7. Mr. Neeraj Asopa, Store Manager, Louis Phillipe . http://business. highbeam. com/412143/article-1G1-228248861/length-product-line-distribution-channels 9. http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/article990515. ece 10. http://www. icmrindia. org/casestudies/catalogue/Marketing/Louis%20Philippe-Excerpts%202. htm 11. Mr. Rajat Joshi, Store Manager, Allen Solly, Ambience Mall 12. Mr. Rakesh Mehra, Store Manager, Louis Phillipe, MGF Mall 13. Planet Fashion Showroom, Mehrauli Road, Gurgaon 14. Salespeople at different outlets