Malcolm X And The Civil Rights Movement - 1128 Words

Malcolm X, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965, who was born Malcolm Little, was orphaned as a child. At the age of 6 his father was killed, and when he was 13 his mother was placed in a mental hospital, after which he went in and out of various foster homes. At the age of 20 Malcolm went to prison for larceny and Breaking and entering. As a result of going to prison, he ended up becoming a member of the group known as, the nation of Islam, and after leaving prison on parole in 1952, rapidly climbed the ranks and became leader of the group. For 12 years he was the public face of the group, and used his powers, within the Nation’s teachings, to preach black supremacy, and mock the civil rights movement’s emphasis on integration. By March 1964 he had lost most of his connections with the nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad. After a period of travel through Africa and the Middle East, Malcolm then returned to the United States where he founded Muslim Mosque’ Inc and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He still continued to emphasize, Black self-determination, and black self-defence, but still claimed to not be a racist. To these claims Malcolm said â€Å"I did many things as a (black) Muslim that I’m sorry for now†. I was a zombie then †¦ pointed in a certain direction and told to march’. Shortly after leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm was assassinated by three of its members in February of 1965. (Wikipedia, 2014) Malcolm’s major achievements was that of foundingShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X And The Civil Rights Movement1180 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the Civil Rights Movement, many came out of the crowd yearning for their voice to be heard. Freedom activists became well known throughout various parts of the United States, all with different ideas about how to approach such an enormous problem of injustice faced by Negros. With racial injustice at its hand, America was blessed to receive civil rights activists Malcolm X. In order to understand Malcolm X’s philosophies, one must look back and examine his past, paying attention to keyRead MoreMalcolm X And The Civil Rights Movement1500 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 1960’s, the Civil Rights Movement involved ending segregation and inequality in order for black people in America to attain equality and justice. Although the whites and nonwhites were citizens of the United States of America, the whites had civil rights and they were superior, while the blacks didn’t have the same rights as the whites did and they were considered inferior. Many blacks protested about the blacks rights and eventually more people heard about it and decided to follow alongRead MoreMalcolm X And The Civil Rights Movement1045 Words   |  5 Pagesto the African American Civil Rights Movement there are many people that are seen as heroes. Some, like Malcolm X tend to be seen in a more negative light and it is often debated whether or not he was a good addition to the civil rights movement. In 1952 when Malcolm’s recognition rose he became one of the most influential speakers for black americans. His recognition came with controversy and he is often seen responsible for the violence before and after his death. Malcolm was very outspoken andRead MoreMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was t o end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement: Malcolm X1135 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Civil Rights Movement, there was a famous leader whose protests were peaceful and non-violent. That man was Martian Luther King Jr., but many people have never heard of another Civil Rights leader. Even though his protests were different than King’s protests, he did his part and help with equality. This man was Malcolm Little, more famously known as Malcolm X. After a rough upbringing, Malcolm X led protests that differed which ended with his assassination. His protesting didn’t startRead MoreMalcolm X was a Symbol of the Civil Rights Movement1573 Words   |  6 Pagesprepare for it today.† Malcolm X The 1920’s, or the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, was a time in American history described as the â€Å"Wild West†. Prohibition brought controversy and anarchy to the once civilized American society, with mobs and gangs at the peak of their power with leaders such as Al Capone supplying alcohol and guns to the public. This was also a time of heightened racial segregation, with boundaries being set such as only white bathrooms and schools. Malcolm (X) Little was born in thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Civil-Rights Movements Of Gandhi And Malcolm X879 Words   |  4 PagesKings non-violent protests, and their efforts for an equal and safe America, the Civil-Rights movements of the 1960s or Gandhi and Malcolm Xs peaceful protest way. All Four found a peaceful way to have a common genuine effort for change in a situation that the leaders of our country fail to deem as an extremely poor guidance for our country. Without the efforts of such leaders as Martin Luther King or the Anti-war movement including Benjamin Letterman, the SHANE committee, and SOPU organization, a changeRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X: Icons for the Civil Rights Movement947 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two individuals who not only helped the African-American plight during the Civil Rights Movement, but served as icons to the history of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in very different environments. King Jr. came from a middle class family where education was a significant value in his home life. Malcolm X, on the other hand, was raised in a foster home after his father’s murder and his mom was put into a mental institution. He wasRead MoreComparison of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. in the Civil Rights Movement1214 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the Civil Rights Movement, many leaders emerged that captured the attention of the American public. During this period, the leaders used different tacti cs in order to achieve change. Of two of the better-known leaders, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., the latter had a more positive influence in the progress of the movement. Each of these two leaders had different views on how to go about gaining freedom. While King believed a peaceful means would allow the blacks to achieve equalityRead MoreEssay Question: Assess the Extent That Malcolm X Achieved His Goals in The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the Legacy Malcolm X Left Behind)2298 Words   |  10 PagesEssay Question: Assess the extent that Malcolm X achieved his goals in The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the legacy Malcolm X left behind) Malcolm X aspired for justice and liberalisation for all African-American people during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He was a dynamic spokesperson and used religious concepts from the Nation of Islam to appeal to many African-Americans. Malcolm X was an activist for Black Nationalism and separation as solutions to the scourge of white

Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level Assignment

Essays on Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level Assignment The paper "Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level" is a worthy example of an assignment on medical science. Sugar belongs to the carbohydrates category of biopolymers that interfere in the biological processes in the living bodies (Stick Williams, 2009). Carbohydrates play a fundamental role in human development as modifications at particular sites in the glycan chain may modulate a carbohydrate’s overall biological role (Muthana, Campbell, Gildersleeve, 2012). However, the consumption of sugar is usually associated with heightened noncommunicable diseases. A developing body of scientific data is demonstrating that fructose can activate processes that extend to liver toxicity and multitude to other chronic sicknesses. However, consumption in a small amount is not referred to as a problem but increased consumption kills slowly. In ancient times, our ancestors could consume sugar which was available as fruit restricted to the harvesting time or as honey which was protected by bees. But with the evolving modern technologies, it has been added to almost all forms of processed foods and therefore the consumer has limited options to decline the sugar consumption. Nature made it hard to access but the man scientific evolution eased its access. People on average, all over the globe, are consuming more than 500 calories/ day on average. The many diseases that are considered to be associated with the increased consumption of sugar include hypertension (the quantity of uric acid is increased by fructose which in turn enhances blood pressure); elevated triglycerides and insulin immunity through production of fat within the liver; diabetes from augmented liver glucose production mixed with insulin immunity; and the phenomenon of ageing, induced by damaged DNA, proteins and lipids by nonenzymatic adhering of fructose to them (Lustig, 2010). Thus it can be said that sugar poses similar toxic effects similar to alcohol on the liver. As alcohol is obtained by the fermentation of sugar and is said to have similar properties of inducing pleasure although being a natural nutrient (Lustig, Schmidt, and Brindis, 2012).The government should regulate sugar supply but a ban like that imposed on alcohol and cigarettes. However the increased in-take can be limited by imposing taxes and removing subsidies on the over usage of fructose in the processed food items; limiting the availability of fast food to younger people by imposing a complete ban on the sale of such products during school hours and by removing fructose form Generally Regarded As Safe list (Tappy et al, 2010). Yes, sugar substitutes like artificial sweeteners are better for consumption as they do not disturb the blood glucose level.

Top Gun free essay sample

The movie Top Gun is about a navy pilot Pete Mitchell also known as Maverick, is sent to Miramar, Naval Air Station in San Diego for elite fighter weapons school training. Where only the best airman in the world go to try to prove they are the best. His only real competition is Tom Kasansky also known as â€Å"Iceman† to shoot for the Top Gun award. Maverick flies very reckless, because of his father’s death during the Vietnam War. When he was shot down while flying an F-4, but Maverick refuses his father made a mistake. Iceman believes Maverick’s techniques are ruthless and does not agree with the way he flies. Maverick’s emotions broke him down when his co-pilot Goose dies in a fatal training accident, causing Maverick to lose the Top gun award to Iceman. That is not the only reason he lost the award, he met a woman at a bar one night and that did not help his emotions at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Top Gun or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then Maverick gets another chance to redeem himself by providing air support for a communications ship that has drifted into hostile waters. Maverick manages to shoot down four Migs and force the others to flee. Maverick then returns to Top Gun as an instructor. Lastly, the movie managed to put in a little romance and Maverick ends up meeting back up with a woman he met when he was a flight school. The movie had way to much romance for me to be a military movie and on top of that all the men in the movie seemed gay. All the enemies that appeared in the movie were never identified. They were supposed to be the North Koreans but this being the 1980’s. The MiG 28s were clearly Soviet Fighters, with the Evil black Russian paint and a red star on the plane and helmet of the fighters. Either North Korea got the state of the art Migs from the Soviet Union or it was the Soviets. The country they are flying for is never actually revealed throughout the movie. Also we have no way of interpreting the fighters is because they have no dialogue in the movie. Even the fighter’s faces are covered up by the visors that are never opened. The fighters were unidentified and pretty much forgotten. That makes no sense at all, during a fight the enemy being identified is one of the most important thing. The closet the United States has ever came to war with the Soviet Union was in the mid 1980s, after the Cuban missile crisis. In the movie a United States Communication ship drifts into hostile waters and they call for air support and that is when Maverick shoots down four MiGs and make the rest flee. In the real world aggressive military action like that would cause a huge uproar and a war would break out, because the Navy never officially declared war. Maverick is always second best flyer in the air. One of the reasons is that he must overcome in himself and the bad reputation that his father had received as a naval pilot. â€Å"Another motive for his holding back is his being uncomfortable with himself while still being unsure of his sexuality† (Webley). When he finally realizes who and what he is, accompanied with learning the truth about his father, he is able to let go and become the best fighter pilot that he can be. As a result, he earns the affections of Iceman and his crew. They are all hugging at the end and Iceman walks up to him and states, â€Å"Maverick, you can be my wingman anytime. † And Maverick responds, â€Å"No! You can be my wingman. † Considering what a wingman could be. Maverick does have a history of being a ladies’ man when he meets a female flight instructor that works at the flight school. Her name is Charlie, she represents Mavericks heterosexuality. She tries to keep him focused on her and heterosexuality. She has a quality more masculine than feminine, and this is what he finds more attractive about her, she is assertive. She asks him to dinner, and on the day of the date he gets caught up in a sweaty, shirtless game of volleyball with his partner Goose, and Iceman. During the volleyball game all the men are hugging on each other and to top it all off the back ground music is â€Å"playing with the boys† by Kenny Loggins. Maverick shows up late for his date, but all is forgotten. Maverick and Charlie get closer and closer and the emotions get stronger. The sexual tension is felt by both of them, yet he gets up, takes a shower and gets on his motorcycle and rides on. The next scene has Charlie dressed as a guy with her hair up under her hat, wearing jeans, and a flight jacket like the one Iceman wears. She understands she must lure him back to heterosexuality by dressing like a man, because she knows that is what he likes. The Navy is known for the most gays out of any other service in the United States that is why the movie had so many homosexual clues and scenes in it.

Ufos (551 words) Essay Example For Students

Ufos (551 words) Essay UfosIs there life beyond Earth?: Discovering aliens and UFOsFor a while now there have been many UFO sightings around the world and many people have become amazed and astonished by this. Many scientists who study extraterrestrial life have come up with a lot of information that points toward the fact that aliens and UFOs are real. In China poor farmers in Beijings barren hills saw an object covered in colored lights arcing heavenward that some say must have been a UFO. In addition to the farmers 12 other Chinese cities reported possible UFO sightings last month, at the beginning of the millenium . China is astir with sightings of otherworldly visitors. Some of these sightings are real, some are fake, and with others its unclear, said Shen Shituan; a real rocketscientist, president of Beijing Aerospace University and honorary director of the China UFO Research Association. All these phenomena are worth researching. We will write a custom essay on Ufos (551 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On July 13,1997 Special Air Service soldiers waiting to ambush IRA gunmen were stunned when aliens walked in front of the gun sights. The undercover troops, hiding near an arms cache on a hillside in South Armagh, say they saw up to four, small, gray figures. The aliens and soldiers stared at each other for a minute. Then the spacemen disappeared , and seconds later the SAS troops saw a flash in the sky. Belfast-based expert Hugh O Brian said, we have learned that on that morning the soldiers were convinced they saw three, perhaps four, small, gray figures, in human form. The expert also said about the soldiers:The alien forms made no move towards them, but judging from what the troops told their regimental priest and commanding officer, the aliens knew the soldiers were there. It was like a stand off, within a few minutes probably a lot less time than that , the aliens disappeared. All the men can recall is that in a very quick space of time, they saw a brief flash in the sky. On June 24, 1947, buisnessman Kenneth Arnold was flying his private plane near Washington states Cascade Mountains when he spotted nine, crecent-shaped flying objects. He reported they moved like saucers skipping across water. For a time, UFO reports seemed to spur a wave of sightings around the world from 1947 to 1969, the air force investigated thousands of reports. It concealed hundreds of incidents that couldnt be explained, while concluding there was no threat to national security. But belief in UFOs dies hard. Stories of crop circles, alien abductions, and a supposed flying saucer crash near Roswell, New Mexico, draw passionate believers and skeptics. The idea still remains that there is life beyond that of earth and my facts have acknowledged the fact that there have been many sightings around the world since 1947 when the first UFO was sighted. There has been a sighting that highly trained military soldiers claimed while on a stakeout. Chinese farmers in Beijing sighted a UFO. There must really be other forms of life beyond earth because, why would a group of scientists spend thousands of dollars on research material to study alien life if they didnt have any hard evidence that aliens do in fact exist?The evidence I collected helps to make my point clear, that aliens and UFOs are real.

How the President Is Elected - The Electoral Process

How the President Is Elected - The Electoral Process So you want to be president of the United States. You should know: Making it to the White House is a daunting task, logistically speaking. Understanding how the president is elected should be your first priority. There are volumes of campaign finance rules to navigate, thousands of signatures to gather across all 50 states, delegates of the pledged and unpledged varieties to glad-hand, and the dreaded Electoral College to deal with. If you’re ready to jump into the fray, let’s walk through the 11  key milestones  of how the president is elected in the United States. Step 1: Meeting the Eligibility Requirements Presidential candidates must be able to prove they are a â€Å"natural born citizen† of the U.S., have lived in the country for at least 14 years and are at least 35 years old. Being â€Å"natural born† doesn’t mean you have to have been born on American soil, either. If one of your parents is an American citizen, that’s good enough. Children whose parents are American citizens are considered â€Å"are natural born citizens,† regardless of whether they’re born in Canada, Mexico or Russia. If you meet those three basic requirements for being president, you can move on to the next step. Step. 2: Declaring Your Candidacy and Forming a Political Action Committee It’s time to get with the Federal Election Commission, which regulates elections in the United States. Presidential candidates must complete a â€Å"statement of candidacy† by stating their party affiliation, the office they’re seeking and some personal information such as where they live. Dozens of candidates complete these forms in every presidential election - candidates most Americans never hear and who are from obscure, lesser-known and unorganized political parties. That statement of candidacy also requires presidential hopefuls to designate a political action committee, an entity that solicits money from supporters to spend on television ads and other methods of electioneering, as their â€Å"principal campaign committee.† All that means is the candidate is authorizing one or more PACs to receive contributions and make expenditures on their behalf. Presidential candidates spend much of their time trying to raise money. In the 2016 presidential election, for example, Republican Donald Trump’s principal campaign committee - Donald J. Trump for President Inc. - raised about $351 million, according to Federal Election Commission records. Democrat Hillary Clinton’s principal campaign committee - Hillary for America - raised $586 million.    Step 3:  Getting on the Primary Ballot  In As Many States As Possible This is one of the most little-known details of of how the president is elected: To become a major party’s presidential nominee, candidates must go through the primary process in every state. Primaries are elections held by political parties in most states to narrow the field of candidates seeking the nomination to one. A few states hold more informal elections called caucuses. Taking part in primaries is essential to winning delegates, which is necessary to winning the presidential nomination. And to take part in the primaries, you’ve got to get on the ballots in each state. The entails presidential candidates collecting a specific number of signatures in each state - in bigger states they need hundreds of thousands of signatures - if they want their names to appear on the ballot. So the point is: every legitimate presidential campaign must have a solid organization of supporters in each that will work to meet these ballot-access requirements.  If they come up short in even one state, theyre leaving potential delegates on the table. Step 4:  Winning Delegates to the Convention Delegates are the people who attend their parties’ presidential nomination conventions to cast votes on behalf of the candidates who won the primaries in their states. Thousands of delegates attend both the Republican and Democratic national conventions to perform this arcane task. Delegates are often political insiders, elected officials or grassroots activists. Some delegates are â€Å"committed† or â€Å"pledged† to a particular candidate, meaning they must vote for the winner of the state primaries; others are uncommitted and can cast their ballots however they choose. There are also â€Å"superdelegates,† high-ranking elected officials, who get to support the candidates of their choice. Republicans seeking the presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries, for example, needed to secure 1,144 delegates. Trump crossed the threshold when he won the North Dakota primary in May 2016. Democrats seeking the presidential nomination that year needed 2,383. Hillary Clinton reached the goal in June 2016 following the Puerto Rico primary. Step 5:  Picking a Running-Mate    Before the nominating convention takes place, most presidential candidates have chosen a vice presidential candidate, the person who will appear on the November ballot with them. Only twice in modern history have the presidential nominees waited until the conventions to break the news to the public and their parties. The party’s presidential nominee has typically chosen his running mate in July or August of a presidential election years. Step 6:  Doing the Debates The Commission on Presidential Debates holds three presidential debates and one vice-presidential debate after the primaries and before the November election. While the debates typically don’t influence the outcome of elections or cause major shifts in voter preferences, they are critical to understanding where candidates stand on important issues and evaluating their ability to perform under pressure. A bad performance can sink a candidacy, though it rarely happens anymore because politicians are coached on their answers and have become skilled at skirting controversy. The exception was the first-ever televised presidential debate, between  Vice President  Richard M. Nixon,  a Republican,  and U.S. Sen.  John F. Kennedy, a Democrat, during the 1960 campaign. Nixons appearance was described as being green, sallow and he appeared to be  need of a clean shave. Nixon believed the first televised presidential debate to be just another campaign appearance and did not take it seriously; he was   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹pale, sickly looking and sweaty, an appearance the helped to seal his demise.  Kennedy knew the event was momentous and rested beforehand. He won the election. Step 7:  Understanding  Election Day What happens on that  Tuesday after the first Monday of November in a presidential election year is one of the most misunderstood facets of how the president is elected. The bottom line is this: voters do not directly elect the president of the United States. They instead choose electors who meet later to vote for a president. Electors are people chosen by the political parties in each state. There are 538 of them. A candidate needs a simple majority - votes from 270 of those electors - to win. States are allotted electors based on their population. The larger a states population is, the more electors is is allocated. For example, California is the most populous state with about 38 million residents. It also holds the most electors at 55. Wyoming, on the other hand, is the least populous state with fewer than 600,000 residents; it gets only three electors. According to the National Archives and Records Administration: â€Å"Political parties often choose electors for the slate to recognize their service and dedication to that political party. They may be state elected officials, state party leaders, or people in the state who have a personal or political affiliation with their partys presidential candidate.† Step 8: Picking Up Electors and Electoral Votes When a presidential candidate wins the popular vote in a state, he wins electoral votes from that state. In 48 out of 50 states, the successful candidates collects all electoral votes from that state. This method of awarding electoral votes is commonly known as winner-take-all. In two states, Nebraska and Maine, the electoral votes are distributed proportionally; they allocate their electoral votes to the presidential candidates based on which did better in each congressional district. While those electors are not legally bound to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state, it is rare for them to go rogue and disregard the will of voters. â€Å"Electors generally hold a leadership position in their party or were chosen to recognize years of loyal service to the party,† according to the National Archives and Records Administration. â€Å"Throughout our history as a nation, more than 99 percent of electors have voted as pledged.† Step 9:  Understanding the Role of the Electoral College Presidential candidates who win 270 or more electoral votes are called the president-elect. They don’t actually take office that day. And they can’t take office until the 538 members of the Electoral College gets together to cast votes. The meeting of the Electoral College takes place in December, after the election, and after state governors receive the â€Å"certified† election results and prepares   Certificates of Ascertainment for the federal government. The electors meet in their own states and then deliver the tallies to the vice president; the secretary of the Department of State in each state; the national archivist; and the presiding judge in the districts where the electors held their meetings. Then, in late December or early January after the presidential election, the federal archivist and representatives from the Office of the Federal Register meet with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House to verify the results. Congress then meets in a joint session to announce the results. Step 10: Getting Through Inauguration Day Jan. 20 is the day every aspiring president looks forward to. It is the day and time prescribed in the U.S. Constitution for the peaceful transition of power from one administration to another. It is tradition for the outgoing president and his family to attend the swearing-in of the incoming president, even if they are from different parties. There are other traditions, too. The president leaving office often write a note to the incoming president offering encouraging words and well wishes. Congratulations on a remarkable run, Obama wrote in a letter to Trump. Millions have placed their hopes in you, and all of us, regardless of party, should hope for expanded prosperity and security during your tenure. 11. Taking Office This, of course, is the final step. And then the hard part begins.

The balance between different social classes in Qin

The balance between different social classes in Qin Great leadership depends on a leader’s ability to be fair even when faced with challenges. In this case, the law dictates that the needs of the meritorious people should be addressed before those of the less fortunate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The balance between different social classes in Qin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The king is willing to throw away the available food rather than distribute it evenly among the people. He fears that such a fair act may bring disorderliness and upset the balance that exists between different social classes in Qin. To some extent, the king is right. This is because enactment of laws facilitates the presence and continuance of orderliness. As such, going against the law is not only risky but also wrong. In addition, the meritorious people have levels of influence and resources that might be used to discredit the king if he does not uphold his duties. This would e xplain why stratification of the people on social and economical grounds is more important than saving lives. The king believes that poor people would rather die than receive the level of treatment given to the rich. However, the food is collected from various regions (Five Parks) and is produced by both the rich and the poor from these regions. As such, it is only fair that the food be distributed evenly among them. With these undertones, it is clear that discrimination is rampant in Qin. Basing such a consequential decision (feeding the citizens) on discriminatory grounds is not right. Every human being has a fundamental right to live.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite what the law says, no one deserves to die simply because he/she does not belong to the elite members of a given society. There are alternatives that can be used to resolve this issue without l eading to the disorderliness mentioned by the king. A quota system can be implemented put in place to ensure that each member of the society gets a share of the available food. The meritorious people can have bigger shares of the food than the poor in a bid to uphold the law. It still would be unfair, but everyone would have food on the table as they wait for the famine to end. This would make the king look considerate in the eyes of the less fortunate, and reasonable among the meritorious people. Similarly, the king has the power to suspend this law if circumstances call for such an action. In this case, suspension of this law would save lives, thereby making it a logical decision. Failure to feed the people may lead to an uprising. Despite the laws in place, people cannot die knowing that there is a solution to their problem. They will be forced to fight back leading to chaos and disorderliness. Suspending this law would ensure that such results are averted. The last viable altern ative would be to come up with a tribunal, which would be set to address the needs of the poor people. Communication is extremely important in any society. This tribunal would act as a bridge between the rich and the poor. Members of the tribunal would collect the views of the poor and relay them to the king.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The balance between different social classes in Qin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This would provide an excellent platform for negotiations on various issues that affect the people. In this case, the tribunal would negotiate a deal that is mutually beneficial to both parties, thereby minimizing the risk of disorderliness.

Analysis and Application of a Clinical Practice Essay

Analysis and Application of a Clinical Practice - Essay Example These guidelines were designed to provide transportation agencies and Road Safety Audit teams with a enhanced understanding of the safety of bicycle cyclists in the context of the cycling environment. These guidelines were also planned to nurture a secure environment for motorists, cyclists and pedestrians while using the road. The Bicycle safety Guidelines are cyclist specific guides that present road users personnel with safety elements they should consider when using the road. Even though the writers have exhausted every resource to be comprehensive as they could, people using these guidelines should keep in mind that conditions fluctuate from place to place and extra precautions should be learned that may not be handled in this documented. Not every recommendation in these guidelines is applicable in each situation. Transport in NSW will work with key stakeholders such as Bicycle NSW, the Amy Gillett Foundation, and Cycling NSW on the development of policies and programs that will be accepted within the cycling community. At the same time, Transport in NSW will work with other road user groups to ensure broader acceptance across the wider community. The NSW Government will work with Local Councils to ensure the road environment where cycling occurs is designed and managed using a safer systems approach. This article was based on bicycle crash statistics; which provide trends and an overview of the need to provide more cyclist friendly environment on the highway and streets. Moreover a comprehensive qualitative research was done to identify the major problems that contribute to laxity in bicycle safety. A random sampling study was done where 4,388 families comprising 11,753 people were arbitrarily picked out. The study brought out that a major contributor to bicycle accidents were from hits by motorists. The survey discovered that either the bicyclist does not pick up the oncoming

Analyse your school's behaviour management policy and evaluate how it Essay

Analyse your school's behaviour management policy and evaluate how it meets the needs for safeguarding children in relation to y - Essay Example Therefore, the most dependable solution would be to ensure that there is effective classroom management on the part of the teacher. To get this process started a teacher should take their time to know more about the children that are in his/ her classroom. Once the teacher gets well acquainted with this information, they can be on the upper hand with better techniques and strategies on how to relate and communicate with the child in the classroom. Further on that, this information will help the teacher determine how the children will be positioned in the classroom setting based on their behaviours. According to Marzano (2003), the actions that a teacher pursues in the classroom can have a huge impact on the child and / or children with regard to their individual achievements in school. Based on the information provided, it can be revealed that when a teacher takes their time to know more about a child who is in their classroom - This trend will in turn aid in proper behaviour managem ent in the classroom setting and dynamics. Therefore, this paper seeks to showcase that the mandated school behaviour management policies aid in safeguarding children in all perspectives while they are in school. This is because the policies outline the roles, duties and responsibilities of each child as well as their teachers. According to CUHP (2011), behaviour management policy relates to the action of ensuring that children in all nature of schools have their behaviour monitored through approved strategies and techniques so as to ensure that they behave accordingly. That is; in a positive manner with their peers and/ or parents. Behaviour management policies are developed by individuals such as the staff, parents and governors. These policies bid on building and encouraging positive behaviour, fostering safety in the school setting, establishing friendships and relationships between children. Additionally, the policies incorporate the teachers who are in constant contact with th e children. According to a report by the House of Commons Education Committee (2011), behaviour and discipline polices need to be outlined, put into place and practiced in every school. The most important aspect is that they should be followed up by the parents, teachers and children so as to continuously promote good behaviour in schools. In the current school setting, the behaviour management policies focus on: Anti-bullying; Anti racism; Cyber bullying; Ensuring safety; Suspensions; Exclusions; Choice of language used. According to CUHP (2011), behaviour management policies yield a lot of positive benefits when they are practiced in the school setting. These benefits include: Development of a sense of judgement in emotion: Emotions need to be nurtured. This is due to the reason that different individuals have different kinds of emotions which could either be positive or negative. Positive emotions may range from being caring, respectful, patience, loving and confidence. Whereas, negative emotions may range from being jealous, resentful, fearful and self pity just to mention a few (Valencia n.d). Therefore, behaviour management policies help the child to have a clear sense of judgment with how they should react to different situations in the environment that they are in. Rise of sustainable friendships are relationships: As they say, â€Å"

Watergate scandal Essay Example for Free

Watergate scandal Essay In 1972, five burglars tried to break into the Watergate office building but were arrested at the crime scene by the police. The burglars were planning to enter and bug the Democratic National committee offices which were the Democrats headquarters. After investigations it was later revealed that the burglars were employed by the campaign committee for re-election of President Nixon. Furthermore, it came to be known that the Watergate incident was one of the spying and sabotage political campaigns conducted by President Nixon and his campaign staff (Lewis, 1972). The President and his campaign team were spying on the activities of the Democrats who happened to be their major political opponent. By spying on them they might be able learn the tactics or the methods they were using in campaigning and this will enable them to adopt new and better ways than those of the Democrats. Similarly, if the Democrats campaigning methods were better of than theirs they could use them earlier before the Democrats had a chance to implement them. Later, in 1973, after investigations were done two former officials of President Nixons campaign team, Liddy and McCord, were arrested and arraigned in court and convicted of bugging, burglary and conspiracy. More than 60 witnesses testified and about 100 evidence pieces were collected and used in the court hearing. In accordance to the testimony from the one of the witnesses, Liddy was given more than $332,000 by the deputy campaign director to carry out a spying operation. Liddy was found guilty of burglary and conspiracy and was sentenced to 35 years imprisonment and fined $40,000. McCord was found guilty of burglary, conspiracy and attempted bugging and was therefore sentenced to 45 years imprisonment and fined about $60,000 (Meyer, 1973). The scandal led to the resignation of two White House aides and the attorney general. The President accepted their resignations and proceeded to fire the counsel of the White House. By accepting their resignations the President was attempting to conceal his involvement in the scandal and was trying to avoid the occurrence of another scandal by firing the Counsel of the White House. The president goes forward and creates a committee to investigate the Watergate scandal and prosecute the suspects (Stern Johnson, 1973). In a televised interview, President Nixon declared himself to be clean of any involvement in the Watergate scandal. He goes on to say that he never profited from the Watergate issue and did not obstruct justice in any way while performing his national duties. At the White House, the President recorded all his conversations in tapes and hence any information about Watergate scandal discussed in the White House must have been recorded and saved in the tapes. This therefore made him refuse to reveal the tape recordings since they might contain some information which could destroy his presidential career. However, in spite of him refusing to provide the tape recordings, to ensure his innocence, he promised to provide more evidence through documents and tapes and even give more details about his financial accounts. The President went forward to accuse the Democrats for conspiring to remove him from office because he had refused to boost their high support prices. Consequently, he admitted for not supervising his campaign staff adequately thereby leading to the Watergate scandal. During the televised speech, the President was noted to be nervous and was even misspelling some of his words but he still managed to control himself and plead his innocence (Kilpatrick, 1973). In spite of President Nixons plead for innocence, all activities done by his campaign team needed his consent, and hence they is no way his campaign team would get involved in an illegal activity without him knowing. In addition, his Chief Campaign Director must have been notifying him daily on the progress of the campaign and hence there is no way he was innocent. Students protest in the 1960s The needs and problems experienced by students are usually common in peer groups and communities. In campuses, the students of the same peer group are brought together to learn and hence gain knowledge. The campus environment provides a good place for the development and formation of organized groups since the students are given relatively much freedom and have enough time. In campuses, students use to participate in social activities depending on their culture or race. Groups were therefore formed according to race or culture. Students of the same culture will usually experience similar problems and thus have similar ways of solving the problems. By organizing themselves in cultural groups the students were therefore able to mobilize a large number of people for protest. During the years of 1960s there was racism, poverty and the war in Vietnam and this led to much student activism. Even though racism was not something new in America, the learning institutions perpetuated it thereby leading to protest by the black students since they could not tolerate it any longer. In colleges, the students are supposed to interact well with the learning environment for them to learn but with much racism they cannot interact well and this become a barrier to learning. For instance, in some cafeterias black students were not allowed to eat and in some colleges they were not allowed to vote (Churney, 1979). Furthermore, the war in Vietnam made students to form anti-war movements in order to stop the government from participating in the war. Because of the war many soldiers lost their lives and the newspapers were keen in reporting the number and even the names of the soldiers who had lost their lives. In addition, there was much poverty experienced by the community and the government was reluctant in solving the problem. Poverty was affecting the students adversely thereby becoming a barrier to learning. With education, the students acquired knowledge and were therefore able to find protest as a way of solving their problems. Reference List Churney L. (1979). Student protest in the1960s. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/2/79. 02. 03. x. html Kilpatrick C. (1973, November 18). Nixon Tells Editors, Im Not a Crook. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/111873-1. htm Lewis A. E. (1972, June 18). 5 Held in Plot to Bug Democrats Office Here. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001227. html Meyer L. (1973, January 31). Last Two Guilty in Watergate Plot. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001234. html Stern L. and Johnson H. (1973, May 1). 3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out; President Accepts Full Responsibility; Richardson Will Conduct New Probe. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001235. html

Todays Rising Gas Prices Essay -- essays research papers

Today's Rising Gas Prices At some point in everyone’s lives, we are affected by the rising gas prices in today’s economy. Natural gas is not a renewable resource, since there is a fixed amount of it trapped in the Earth. However, many people carry the misconception that there is a very limited amount of natural gas, and that we may use all of it up. This isn’t true. The gas shortages of the 1970's were prompted by the government’s lack of faith in the industry’s ability to discover and develop new reserves, not by lack of gas supply. The unfortunate impression left by the shortages of gas in the 1970's caused the people to believe that there was a small amount of gas left. On the contrary, the gas resource base is vast, and probably even larger than currently estimated. People are often confused by the difference in "proved reserves", those that could be economically produced with the current technology, and the total natural gas resource base. Before the 70’s, oil from the Middle East was very cheap, and in North America, it was about $4 a barrel. But then, the leaders of the Middle East discovered that everyone needed their oil, so they formed OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). Practically overnight, they jacked up the prices of oil by limiting the supply. This was the first oil crisis. It lasted for a while, but then they got greedy, and started supplying more oil, in hopes to make more money. But then there was more supply than demand, so t...

No Witchcraft for Sale

Gina M. Dees English IV- Honors Mrs. Daly 11/11/12 Culture at its Best â€Å"Piccanin,† shouted Teddy, â€Å"get out of my way! † And he raced in circles around the black child until he was frightened, and fled back to the bush. † This scene from Doris Lessings â€Å"No Witchcraft for Sale† depicts a child being affected by the results of apartheid, a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race, in South Africa. Similar to segregation in America, apartheid separated the blacks and white into two different classes; the blacks being of lower class and whites having high rank in society.Gideon, a cook in Doris Lessing’s short story and the main character, served the Farquar family all of his life. Even though this separation deemed whites as superior, this separation occurred because of cultural differences. As the story begins the audience is introduced to the Farquar’s family who has just brought their first child, Tedd y, into the world. This family, the bosses or the masters lived on a compound and represent the oppressors. This family has a cook servant named Gideon who represents the oppressed.Gideon and the Farquar’s young child Teddy have a strong bond from the beginning. Gideon acted as a father in many ways to the Farquar’s child. Their bond was so extraordinary in this story that is set in a time in South Africa when blacks were treated inferior to whites. Though it was evident Gideon and Teddy’s relationship was real it did not prevent the elements of what racism teaches. Little time was spent by Gideon caring for his family or even being there for his son. Gideon played tirelessly with Teddy catching him when he fell as he learned to walk and tossing him up in the air.Gideon’s son could only watch from the edge of the bush and gaze in awe of the young white boy his same age. Each had a curiosity for the other. Teddy once put out his hand in curiosity to touch the face and hair of a black boy. Gideon’s bond is ironic because whites treated the black natives as if they were so much less than they were, yet the very person coaching a white child to lean to walk was a black man who earned the admiration of his superior and increases in his wages over other workers on the compound.When Gideon says to Mrs. Farquar â€Å"Ah missus, these are both children, and one will grow up to be a baas, and one will be a servant† he accepts the fact that no matter how much love he has for the boy that Teddy will conform to the nasty ways of society. Gideon also gave the child his nickname â€Å"Little Yellow Head†. This nickname shows that Gideon had a level of love and adoration for the young white child. Although this relationship with the child was evident, is it possible Gideon showed the child so much affection to avoid punishment?Gideon even realized that the child he had once held and nurtured would grow up to conform to society. This became evident on the day Teddy used his scooter to frighten Gideon’s son and when reprimanded about the mean act gave the defiant response, â€Å"He is only a black boy. † This showed indifference to Gideon’s son as a person by regarding his act equal to what had been done to scatter squawking chickens and irritated dogs. One afternoon as Teddy was walking exploring the outdoors, a snake spit poisonous venom into his eye.Everyone in the home knew that he could potentially go blind. The child writhed in agony as his mother tried her best to assist her son but she knew not of a cure. When she called for Gideon he sprung into action and ran off into the bush for some herbal medicine that was common among the other African natives to handle being poisoned. When he returned he held in his hand a root. Gideon chewed the root, spit its juices into the eyes of the boy without hesitation even with his mother crying out in protest and pressed it into the child†™s eyes guaranteeing he would be cured.As the reader, I could not help but to feel a certain amount of respect and love towards Gideon, as the Farquar’s did because of his rapid response to help the afflicted child. This quick response was borne out of love for Teddy. Not only were there elements of Gideon and Teddy’s relationship, but certain cultural differences kept the baas’ and natives separate. The natives lived off of ways of the land and kept secrets of remedies to each other. I believe they kept the remedies a secret in order to preserve their culture and practices.The text reads â€Å"No one can live in Africa or at least on the veld, without learning very soon that there is an ancient wisdom of leaf and soil and season-and, too, perhaps most important of all, of the darker tracts of the human mind-which is the black mans heritage. Up and down the district people were telling anecdotes, reminding each other of things that had happened to them. † In contrast the whites believed in medical advances and were skeptical about the accuracy of some of the natives â€Å"bush medicines†.When the scientist states â€Å"We are always checking up on this kind of story, and we draw a blank every time† it proves his disbelief of the African remedies and that he does not trust that they will work. Also the scientist and The Farquar’s try to persuade Gideon to disclose the root by assuring him that the information will be used for the common good. This is a cultural clash because the whites are trying to advance their modern medicine as Gideon is trying to save his cultural practices. Gideon would not let the sacred root of the African witch doctors benefit humanity for a cost.The friendship between Gideon and The Farquar’s is affected by his defiance. They begin to look at him with disdain and annoyance and Gideon displayed hostility, stubbornness and made contradictory statements about the location of the r oot. This cultural clash could also be connected to the power struggles displayed throughout the short story. The scientist and Farquar’s wanted power over Gideon so he would tell the truth about the root, but Gideon maintained control by leading everyone into the bush on a wild goose chase.The text reads â€Å"He (Gideon) picked up, without an attempt at looking anything but casual, a handful of blue flowers that had been growing plentifully all down the path they had come. † Gideon is mocking the scientist and Farquar’s will and intelligence as he had them walk 6 miles in the bush to search for this root when all he did was pick up a measly flower that had been growing down the whole path. He showed them and the readers that he was not afraid to protect his cultural practices.

Mankind Is No Island

Mankind is No Island Focus: The collection of Still Images Sound Not a lot of dialogue Montage of images – together they make an image The words shown are from signs, street signs and shop signs etc. What makes this film visual What is specifically visual about it What makes the video shape my perspective of the situation What is the purpose of the video being made? – To be more aware of the homeless Ideas: There is a lack of giving to the homeless The homeless are taken for granted The homeless are ignored by society It is filmed in the city because it demonstrates advertising and also emphasizes consumerism. Used to contradict or to challenge what they are to present in the cities. The homeless are destitute and deprived from the necessities of life. Techniuqes Soft dramatic piano music is used The music sets the tone. It also makes the audience depressed and feel guilty. Camera angles are placed in the same level as the homeless. This is used to place the audience in the homeless peoples situation and position. By doing this, the audience feels the hardships, the sadness and the uselessness as the homeless have also felt. Repetition of the images of the homeless being ignored Rhetorical Questions are also used to make the audience feel depressed and reflect on their guilt. RQ's are also used to make audience reflect Repetitions of RQ's Religious images Repetition of â€Å"NO† Close up of the Homeless Face – Shows their facial expressions. Also indicates their sadness and their depression. Shows their rugged appearance. Take away the homeless identity and places the audience to look at them face to face as humans. Demonstrates how old they look. Also supports that being homeless ages you. The homeless have literally been forced to live a life of desperation. The homeless have no choices. The fact that two of the largest cities are used symbolises and supports the idea that homeless people are not found in a particular place, but are recognised everywhere. Repetition of â€Å"your† emphasizes that the homeless and the successful are no different. They may be different in social class but they are still the same in species. The images are also negative and focus the negative sides of the city. The sentences are also in a first person register RQ's is used to challenge and contradict on what we love The Heart Balloon –

Mary Warren Essays

Mary Warren Essays Mary Warren Paper Mary Warren Paper At the beginning of act three we hear voices from the court, of Martha Corey being accused of witchcraft, showing the extent that the accusation have risen to. Proctor brings Mary Warren to the court to tell the truth, that the girls and Abigail were making up everything about the women being witches, so as Proctor can prove his wifes innocence and gain her freedom from jail. During the proceedings, Proctor is forced to sacrifice his name and admit to his affair with Abigail in order to damage her credibility, however his wife, Elizabeth, not knowing of his confession, lies to protect her husband, saying that it was not the truth. When Abigail is confronted about this, she reacts in her usual way, which is to accuse Mary of being a witch herself. Mary can not take the pressure of the accusations and so, to save herself she, copies Abigail in how she gets herself out of trouble, by accusing Proctor of witchcraft, and forcing her to the court in order to overthrow it. Proctor is so angry at the state of the court and his faith, that, at the end of the act, he denounces God as her can not see any trace of divine help in the proceedings of that day. Miller uses this rise and fall of tension throughout the act as a build up of the final, and most dramatic end to the act, where Proctor seals his fate by shouting, I say I say God is dead! Abigails accusations of witches in the society of Salem, is similar to Millers own experiences in the 1930s of McCarthyism and the witch hunts for communists in a capitalist country. The rise of communism in the East, which America stove to defeat, caused this rise in paranoia in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Almost any criticism of the government was seen as an declaration of loyalty to the communist ways. In 1956 Miller himself was called before the court to answer charges of being a communist sympathiser, although at this time the power of the committee was waning and so instead of being imprisoned he was fined for Contempt of Congress. Miller began to link the activities of the committee with that of the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692.. The feeling in both cases were, if you dont conform, then you are guilty. Millet emphasises his aim to show, The essential nature of one of the strangest and most awful chapters in human history. He documents the events of the Salem witch trials, with dramatic licence, using the original records of the court proceedings and other pieces of primary and secondary evidence. The drama is based on real historical events of a Puritan society and its fear of the Devil. They had moved from England brought their ways to the new land, American, were they believed the Devil lived in the woods surrounding their village, which was actually inhabited by the Native Americans. This fear and insecurity lead them to the ways of killing witches to protect themselves and rid their village of evil. The fact that the play was based on real events adds to the tension as we know that innocent people actually suffered from the untruthful accusations. To audiences of Millers time there would have been a great sympathy with the people in Salem as the Americans were suffering the same way under the rule of McCarthyism, where the innocent were accused and sentenced. Proctor is seen as the voice of reason, though he is sinful, he tries to uncover the girls for what they really were. Throughout the events Proctor stands up for what he believes in and always suspects Abigail of lying and influencing the others as he knows her character.

28 Good Words from Latin and Greek

28 Good Words from Latin and Greek 28 Good Words from Latin and Greek 28 Good Words from Latin and Greek By Michael Lets talk about something good. Here is a variety of words for good things, based on ancient words for good: Latin bonus and Greek eu. Good words from Latin In Rome, bonus was the Latin word for good, noble, kind, honest, brave. Since Latin gave birth to the Romance languages of Europe, words such as bon, bien, bueno and buon are found today in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian. English speakers commonly use the French expressions bon voyage (Have a good trip.) and bon appetit (Enjoy your meal.) The opposite prefix of bon or bene is mal or bad. So once you learn the meaning of benevolent, you know the meaning of malevolent. benevolent wanting to do good; altruistic, charitable, from the Latin for well-wishing. benefit Something you gain; something that helps or aids you, such as help from the government. Also, an event, often a performance, that benefits a cause or a charity. beneficiary someone who receives a benefit. beneficial the adjective form of benefit; helpful, good for you. benefactor someone who helps another, or gives out benefits, from the Latin for good-doing. benediction a prayer or blessing, usually at the end of a church service; also, a rite of consecration; from the Latin well-speak. benign harmless, non-threatening, mild, kind. A tumor can be benign or malignant (cancerous). bonus a premium; an extra benefit, such as an addition to a salary or extra points in a game. benefice a land grant, such as to a medieval priest; an estate or fief. bonanza a source of wealth or success, originally a Spanish word meaning the discovery of a valuable mine, but which came from the Latin for good weather. bonhomie friendly, genial, affable, from the French, but originally from the Latin for good man. Good words from Greek Most English words with the prefix eu come from the Greek word meaning good or well. Some were used by the ancient Greeks, while other scientific and medical terms were coined by English-speaking scientists who had studied Greek. For those words, eu can mean true as well as good. The opposite prefix is dys or dis. euphony A good-sounding word is considered euphonious. From the Greek for good-sound. eulogy a funeral speech in honor of the deceased. It comes from the Greek well-speak as benediction comes from the Latin well-speak. As you see, they mean different things. If a funeral service had the benediction first, everybody would start to leave before the eulogy. eulogize When you say good things about something, you eulogize it. Often used cynically if someone has to try so hard to make it sound good, there must be something wrong with it. euphoria an excited, intense feeling of joy or happiness. From the Greek good-feeling. The word dysphoria means bad feeling, perhaps anxiety or depression. eureka the famous announcement of the Greek mathematician Archimedes, meaning I have found it! In cartoons, prospectors say Eureka! when they discover a bonanza. euphemism a word chosen to be less vulgar or blunt (or just less precise or vivid), such as passed instead of died, or enhanced interrogation instead of torture. You can learn all about euphemisms from our previous articles: 7 types of euphemism, euphemisms for job loss, euphemisms for death, and the euphemistic treadmill. From the Greek word meaning abstaining from inauspicious words. euthanasia the act of killing to prevent suffering, practiced on animals and more controversially, on people. From the Greek good-death, which is a euphemism. eugenics historically, the theory that people with bad qualities should not have children (or sometimes, should not have lives) while people with good qualities should. Naturally, people like us get to decide which qualities are good. From the Greek good-breeding. eukaryote an organism whose cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. Bacteria and archaea dont they lack a true nut, which is what the word means in Greek. eucharist in Christianity, Holy Communion or the Lords Supper, commemorating Jesuss last supper of bread and wine. From the Greek word for thanksgiving. eucalyptus a fragrant, flowering tree common to Australia. From the Greek for well-covered, because the bud covers the developing flower. euphonium a brass musical instrument with a mellow tone. It looks like a small tuba its the tenor in the tuba family. The song 76 Trombones mentions the nearly-extinct double-belled euphonium. From the Greek for good-sound. euhemerism the theory that the stories of the gods grew from stories of human heroes. Named after its Greek originator Euhemerius, whose name meant well-domesticated. eudaemon a good or benevolent spirit. This is not a euphemism the Greek word daemon did originally mean protective spirit instead of evil fiend. eucaine a good derivative of cocaine, used as a veterinary pain-killer. euphuism John Lylys 1578 romance Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit was so ostentatious, precious, elaborate, and excessively ornate, any English literature that imitated it was called euphuistic. Spanish, Italian, and French literature had their own offenders. From the Greek for graceful, witty. Naturally, people like Lyly decided what was graceful and witty. eurythmy in medicine, a normal pulse. In architecture, harmony of features and proportion. In dance, graceful movement in rhythm with spoken words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?Is There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Personification vs. Anthropomorphism

The Role of Religion in Contemporary Irish Society Essay

The Role of Religion in Contemporary Irish Society - Essay Example Contemporary sociologists have judged that â€Å"any sociological study of Ireland must reflect the importance of religion in the shaping of our contemporary society, its continuing relevance in terms of everyday social life and the still central role of religious institutions† (Tovey and Share, 2003, p. 384). This observation, however, runs counter to the belief that was a cultural shift in all Western societies which started in the period of the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, which introduced a whole new set of scientific tools. Max Weber, Émile Durkheim and other early proponents of the new discipline of sociology described evidence of a shift away from religion and towards rationalisation. The term â€Å"secularization† is used to describe this change, and the â€Å"secularization thesis† is a belief that religion will slowly fade in the face of new scientific, and by implication better, ways of seeing the world. This paper shows, however, that there is evidence in the recent history and sociology of Ireland to prove that the secularization thesis does not hold, since contemporary Ireland fully reflects modern cultural trends and yet it is by no means an increasingly secular country. Origins of the secularization thesis. In the Middle Ages, a Christia n world view dominated the whole of Europe, with close links being maintained between Church and State, and other religions such as Judaism and Islam being classed as outsiders. Secular monarchs reigned in the firm belief that they had a divine right to rule, and they often used their powers to enhance the dominance of the Christian Church, leading to the Crusades and the demonization of other faiths and other nation states. The reformation polarised Catholic and Protestant branches of Christianity so that in Europe, at least, religion became associated with conflict between factions within Europe. Ireland played a decisive role in the early stages of the Christian colonisation of Europe, and Ireland’s continual loyalty to Rome in the face of British rebellion is a reflection of political differences as much as it is a religious position. The relationship between Church and State remains close in Ireland, since there was no split between the monarch and Rome, and this explain s the influence that religions continues to have at the present time on Irish political and social affairs. In Victorian Britain and Imperial Germany the protestant work ethic was credited with producing the beginnings of the capitalist system, and Karl Marx theorized religion in this context as a logical an necessary part of this culture of trade and industry. In the analyses of Marx, Engels and Lenin, religion was a thriving force to be reckoned with, and they very much supported the underlying motivations that led people to put their faith in it: â€Å"Religion is a many-faceted reflection of the real world, including deep-seated human needs for security, consolation, and beauty. They (Marx, Engels and Lenin) do not want to take away from people the solace, comfort of beauty that religion brings to their lives †¦ religious beliefs are not merely illusory; they stand in the way of man’s mastering both nature and his social relations in the interests of a better and fu ller life† ( Selsam and Martel, 1987, p. 225). A combination of these political ideas,

Film Glory Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Film Glory - Movie Review Example Rawlins revised his style to transformational leadership, which was effective in producing the necessary attainment of the group's mission and goals. There had been a slew of films about the American Civil War but the movie "Glory" stood out because it was unique and because it not only focused its energies on bombings, hand to hand combats and killings but it featured the African American people's aspirations to prove its self-worth, courage and dignity under fire and under pressures of racial prejudice and honor amidst the backdrop of a bitter divisive war between the northern Union states and the southern Confederate states. Moreover, the film illustrates the anatomy of leadership as a young colonel was given the daunting task of recruiting, training and leading an all-black regiment, which was the first such black regiment to fight under the American flag, many of whom were older than he was and most of whom were embittered by the demeaning experiences they had under the white men. This film showed that heroism knows no color and its significance was that after the 54th Massachusetts regiment showed to all and sundry their he art-wrenching guts and heroism, President Lincoln conscripted more of such black regiments, assigning them challenging roles in a number of major battles. The 54th regiment was the start of black power in military warfare. It explained why blacks were worthy of being endowed with citizenships to the United States. The Relationships Among the Dramatis Personae Bonding within an infantry led by young white officers and composed of colored men,Glory 3 majority of whom had experienced indignities, brutalities and acts of inhumanity as former slaves from white men, was almost an unattainable situation. Leadership was even an impossible dream. But the regiment had to be formed as ordered by abolitionist Massachusetts governor John Andrew (Blatt et al,2000,p.19) and in its formation, everything had to start with an effective leadership or else the infantry will only be in a state of disarray and disintegration. It was incumbent upon Col.Robert Gould Shaw portrayed by Matthew Broderick to alter the relationship which started from distrust, aversion, contempt, bigotry and even hatred. He had to turn things around to make the regiment functional. This had to be accomplished without the needed boost and support from the command force and worse, from a flip-flopping stance of the command higher-ups who even issued absurd orders designed to make the regiment a nonentity. This was due to the belief that blacks had no capacity to fight and th at they would merely incite the border States to defect from the Union. There

Research Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Analysis - Assignment Example st establish those patients who lack self-care confidence and then direct more effort towards building self-care confidence in them using specific education interventions. The introduction/background section provided by Britz and Dunn (2010) does not formally introduce the research question. However, after carefully exploring the introduction, this paper was able to establish the research question, which is: In this article, Britz and Dunn (2010) formally presented the hypothesis. The author asserts that those patients with heart failure and who demonstrates self-care ability are expected to improve their healthcare outcomes. This hypothesis emanates from both previous studies as well as the model used in this study. Since it is a qualitative research, the researcher developed the hypothesis using grounded theory. The use of qualitative approaches provided a platform that researchers in various disciplines borrowed to complete work effectively. Qualitative approaches identify research issues without subjectivity. For instance, using such techniques, a case is looked at individually and therefore, it is possible to make accurate conclusions. Understanding of complex human systems such as the family and communities has grown due to the benefits accrued from qualitative methods. Certain patterns of behavior have been described and based upon these patterns of behavior, action could be take n. Grounded theory refers to a theory routed in data. The researcher interprets the raw data and then, through systematic analysis creates a theory. Grounded theory is derived from four central criteria: fit, understanding, generality and control. Fit occurs when the theory fits the substantive data. In other words, the theory must be based upon the presence of valid data. Understanding occurs when the theory is comprehensible by all researchers involved in the study. Generality occurs when the presented theory is applicable within a variety of contexts. Control entails the

Burn wounds Essay Example for Free

Burn wounds Essay There are several ways that an investigator might confirm suspicion that burns are intentionally inflicted, rather than accidental in nature. One factor in considering whether a burn is intentionally inflicted is the nature of the burn. A contact burn of irregular shape is typical of accidental contact with a hot item such as a pot on a stove or an iron. Burns of this nature are typically accidental. One way of determining if the burn is not is by examining its shape. Burns that reflect the pattern of the object from which they obtained can often point to intentional burning. Symmetrical burns are less likely to be accidental. Chemical burns also should display a random pattern consistent with accidental contact. A burn pattern suggesting submersion in a corrosive or hot liquid of any body part is suspect, particularly if there are no corresponding splash-type wounds. Another determining factor is the location of the burn. Contact burns that are truly accidental are nearly always situated on the extremities, as it is unlikely that a child would ignore the pain of extreme heat until contact is made with the torso, or head. While immersion burns from hot liquid can be on the torso, if accidental, they should be accompanied by splash patterns associated with the rapid withdrawal of the burned body part from the water. Most accidental burns on a child old enough to remove themselves from the source are no worse than second-degree. Burns of greater degree are highly suggestive of a child being physically forced into contact with the burning agent. Unless the parent has a reasonable explanation for a more severe burn, these types of injuries should be regarded as highly suspicious. The key element in determining whether a burn was intentionally inflicted arrives with the interview of the admitting parent. Lies about burn sources are relatively easy to spot. Burn characteristics such as location, severity, and pattern can easily indicate whether the parent is lying about the source of the burn. The questions that must be asked are: What caused the burn? How long was the child in contact with the source of the burn? What sort of supervision was offered while this occurred. There are only three scenarios possible in burn situations: pure accident, parental negligence, or intentional burning. It is up to the investigator to determine which situation applies in any given case.

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva :: essays research papers

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goddess Athena has been an incredibly well-liked mythological character for centuries because of her complex personality and the values which are taught through her actions. The powerful Goddess has been generally thought of as being the same person in both Greek and Roman stories alike, but this is not true. Athena was looked upon and spoken of very differently in Roman and Greek myths, though she remains with the same basic personality traits in both cultures. Rome acquired it's stories of mythology and religion from the Italians (who derived their beliefs from the Greeks), and therefore most of the myths of deities were the same as the Greeks', but with a few changes. The Italians also gave the Romans stories of Diana, Hercules, Venus, and a few minor characters. The Greeks came about with their Gods from past ancient cultures, weaving in some of their own characteristics as time went on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pallas Athena (the name Pallas being that of her best friend, whom she accidentally killed while practicing with spears) in both cultures is the patron Goddess of arts and crafts, weaving, the olive tree, overseer of Athens, and especially of Wisdom/War. Because the Greek culture was one of intelligence, sophistication and knowledge, Their version of Athena was mainly of a logical and sensible person, who would avoid a fight if possible. The Romans, who were a society of warlike men, focused on Minerva's war capabilities and short temper. Both cultures focused on the parts of the Gods which were most like themselves and best suited their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the Greeks, the Gray-Eyed Goddess was not associated with specific people except for Her rivals. The Romans, however, formed a group of Immortals into the Capitoline triad, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. These three assumed a supreme place in the Roman religion, acting like a Jury of Watchers over the mortals. The Romans built a temple in honor of the Triad, named the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which was built in 509 BC.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I have been able to see how these two civilizations have viewed one part of their religion and why they do so. There were logical reasons for their viewing of Athene, most of which were based on their strengths Pallas Athene Versus Minerva :: essays research papers Pallas Athene Versus Minerva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goddess Athena has been an incredibly well-liked mythological character for centuries because of her complex personality and the values which are taught through her actions. The powerful Goddess has been generally thought of as being the same person in both Greek and Roman stories alike, but this is not true. Athena was looked upon and spoken of very differently in Roman and Greek myths, though she remains with the same basic personality traits in both cultures. Rome acquired it's stories of mythology and religion from the Italians (who derived their beliefs from the Greeks), and therefore most of the myths of deities were the same as the Greeks', but with a few changes. The Italians also gave the Romans stories of Diana, Hercules, Venus, and a few minor characters. The Greeks came about with their Gods from past ancient cultures, weaving in some of their own characteristics as time went on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pallas Athena (the name Pallas being that of her best friend, whom she accidentally killed while practicing with spears) in both cultures is the patron Goddess of arts and crafts, weaving, the olive tree, overseer of Athens, and especially of Wisdom/War. Because the Greek culture was one of intelligence, sophistication and knowledge, Their version of Athena was mainly of a logical and sensible person, who would avoid a fight if possible. The Romans, who were a society of warlike men, focused on Minerva's war capabilities and short temper. Both cultures focused on the parts of the Gods which were most like themselves and best suited their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the Greeks, the Gray-Eyed Goddess was not associated with specific people except for Her rivals. The Romans, however, formed a group of Immortals into the Capitoline triad, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. These three assumed a supreme place in the Roman religion, acting like a Jury of Watchers over the mortals. The Romans built a temple in honor of the Triad, named the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which was built in 509 BC.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I have been able to see how these two civilizations have viewed one part of their religion and why they do so. There were logical reasons for their viewing of Athene, most of which were based on their strengths

Survey In Forensic Toxicology Health And Social Care Essay

The province of alcoholism and the blood intoxicant concentration of a individual at the clip of decease can sometimes be hard to construe due to the assorted post-mortem artefacts that can change the true ante-mortem blood intoxicant concentration. The opportunity of intoxicant being produced in the organic structure after decease is a continuously encountered issue in everyday casework [ 2 ] . The status and province of the organic structure, the clip between decease and sample aggregation, the environmental conditions and besides the type of samples collected, preserved and analyzed are all of import factors that should be considered carefully during reading. Under certain status ethyl alcohol can be produced after decease by agitation of glucose and due to bacterial activity [ 3,4 ] . Some illustrations in which the blood ethanol concentration at the clip of decease can be altered are: The possibility of ethanol production in the organic structure after decease or after sample aggregation due to microbic production ; If ethanol remains in the tummy after decease, the possibility is of continued local diffusion into the environing tissue and blood is raised ; In instances of caput injury which has rendered a individual unconscious for a few hours prior to decease, the blood ethanol concentration during this clip continues to diminish due to metamorphosis in the liver. Some other instances that may be debatable to cover with are instances where the organic structures are recovered from H2O in which the possibility of sample dilution can play a important function [ 2 ] . These are merely a few illustrations of the many possibilities that can change ethanol concentration and do reading of post-mortem ethanol concentration really hard. It is hence of great importance in forensic post-mortem ethanol instances to execute accurate and precise analysis for ethyl alcohol, to utilize the optimum specimen and to cognize the restrictions and significance of ethanol findings in these specimens [ 5 ] . The optimum specimen picks, aggregation site, and preservatives, every bit good as the deductions and reading of ethanol findings in post-mortem ethyl alcohol instances will be discussed in this paper.2. Postmortem Specimen for analysis of Ethanol.In malice of the troubles encountered with post-mortem ethanol consequences, an necropsy offers the chance to roll up specimens that are non readily available in ante-mortem cases.A A In add-on to trying blood from different vascular sites and piss, samples collected from vitreous wit and stomachic contents every bit good as musculus, encephalon and liver tissues, cerebrospinal fluids and gall are all possible during necropsy. Although there is a possibility to roll up and analyse ex tra specimens during post-mortem ethanol analyses, this will merely partially counterbalance for the increased interpretative troubles encountered by the assorted post-mortem artifacts.A A It is hence necessary to use a greater grade of cautiousness during the reading of post-mortem ethanol consequences and to take into history the entirety of the information obtained. A individual post-mortem blood ethyl alcohol concentration is by and large uninterpretable without a coincident piss and/or vitreous wit ethanol concentration ; therefore it is of import that every bit good as information sing the instance history and inside informations gathered from the scene of decease [ 1 ] .A A Due to this it is of import alternate specimen should ever be collected and analyses in order to right and safely confirm ante- mortem ethanol ingestion. In this chapter the different types of specimen used for post-mortem ethanol analyses every bit good as there deductions and restrictions will be discussed.2.1 Blood Alcohol ConcentrationAlthough there are multiple samples available for aggregation at necropsy for toxicological analysis of ethyl alcohol, blood is a important in leting valid decision of whether the deceased has consumed intoxicant and was under influence at the clip of decease. The basic information required, on construing the blood intoxicant concentration in post-mortem samples harmonizing to Plueckhahn [ 6 ] , who has researched the reading of the blood intoxicant concentration extensively, are: The site of aggregation of the blood sample ; The clip after decease and province of the organic structure when the specimen was collected ; The storage status of the sample, the preservative used, and the clip elapsed before analysis ; The method used for analysis of the sample. Furthermore in add-on to the above, one might besides see the status and visual aspect of the blood sample such as the odor, colour, fluidness and/or the presence of blood fabrics. Despite the fact that blood from a femoral vena is the recommended specimen to be collected for toxicological analysis, some diagnostician still be given to subject cardiac blood or worse fluid scooped from the thorax and or plural pit as a replacement for the appropriate specimen [ 7 ] . This questionable manner of roll uping samples increases the potency for taint of ethyl alcohol entered by the lung due to inspiration of tummy content or ethyl alcohol which might hold diffused from the tummy in to the environing tissue. Blood from the femoral vena is least susceptible to postmortem alterations and as stated earlier the recommended specimen of pick for toxicological analysis. Additionally blood from the interior integral Chamberss of the bosom is besides suited as a auxiliary specimen to compare with femoral blood intoxicant concentration or when there is limited sum of femoral blood available to roll up and/ or analyse [ 8 ] . Furthermore Arterial blood is up to 40 % higher in eth anol concentration during the absorbent stage compared to venous blood, whereas there is undistinguished difference between the two 1s the intoxicant has reached the station optical density stage. Therefore blood from the big vass or bosom may demo differences compared to blood from other beginnings due to incomplete distribution [ 9 ] . This difference was shown by comparing cardiac blood with femoral blood, in which 35 out of 51 instances, had a bosom intoxicant blood was that was by and large higher, with the highest difference observed being 0.09/dL [ 10 ] . Poutry and Anderson [ 11 ] , besides analyzed cardiac and femoral blood in 100 instances, nevertheless, found bosom to femoral ratios being near 0.98. In 17 instances at that place were differences of greater than 20 % between the two in which merely 6 with a bosom to femoral ratio greater than 1. These 6 instances were either in early phases of soaking up or the femoral intoxicant blood degree was unnaturally low due to low volume specimen available in the sample tubing. Harmonizing to this survey circulation equilibrium occurs quickly, which means that differences in blood beginnings occur merely in rare post-mortem instances. This does n't intend that important differences can non happen, particularly in instances affecting possible decomposition, injury a nd in instances of recent consumption when the deceased has been in the soaking up stage and equilibrium has non set in anterior to decease. Because hazard of taint of bosom and upper organic structure blood beginnings, it is recommended to get and analyse blood from a femoral vena [ 2 ] . Some writers even province that the blood straight taken from the chest pit or from a unsighted needle stick into the thorax, is the worst possible sample that can be taken [ 2 ] . The necessary blood intoxicant concentration to do decease is often an unfastened inquiry and depends much on the individual ‘s gender, age, overall wellness, imbibing experience and developed tolerance [ 9 ] .2. Collection and Storage of Specimen for Ethanol Analysis.Among forensic toxicologists and analytical chemists the normally used quoted proverb, that is peculiarly valid in the field of post-mortem forensic toxicology, which emphasizes that right specimen aggregation is the most of import measure in drug analysis is that: â€Å" the analytical consequence will ne'er be better than the sample from which is was derived â€Å" [ 2,6 ] . The intent of roll uping organic structure fluids and executing forensic analytical analysis for ethyl alcohol is to find the significance, if any, of ethyl alcohol in a forensic probe. Not merely the check used to find ethyl alcohol in de samples should be precise, accurate and specific, but the penetrations given should supply information as to whether the measured ethyl alcohol degrees are basically the same as when they were collected [ 5 ] . The concern of possible ethanol loss or addition in clinical or forensic probe at changing times after the specimen was collected is an inevitable factor encountered in many instances affecting the finding of ethyl alcohol. Furthermore post-mortem samples present an extra challenge: does the measured ethanol concentration reflect the concentration at the clip the deceased passed? There are several factors that play a important function in replying these inquiries. In this paragraph the principle and processs for properly aggregation and cont inuing post-mortem specimen will be discussed and categorized in three bomber bunchs ; 1.The loss of ethyl alcohol, 2.The production ethyl alcohol and last but non least 3.The saving of the gathered specimen for ethanol analysis.2.1 The loss of EthanolThe loss of ethyl alcohol from collected specimen has been a concern and a ground for probe for most of the history of forensic toxicology. To day of the month, three major theories are used to explicate the loss of ethyl alcohol from the gathered biological specimen. These include 1. Vaporization, 2. Oxidation and 3. The action of micro-organisms.A. Vaporization

French and Indian War DBQ Essay

For many years, throughout the 17th century and 18th century, Britain maintained a neutral relationship with its American colonies. By upholding salutary neglect, the British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, the American colonies remained obedient to Britain. However, after the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Britain’s relations with its colonist were drastically altered. The war greatly damaged Britain’s economy and because of its pyrrhic victory, a series of taxes were implemented on the American colonists.  The unfair taxation ideologically changed the Americans’ views on Britain and they felt they were not represented in Parliament. The French and Indian war altered the relations between Britain and its American colonists politically by giving Britain control of the east, economically by putting Britain in extreme debt and compelling Parliament to impose taxes on its colonists, and ideologically by shifting the colonistsâ€⠄¢ loyalty towards rebellion against Britain. The French defeat in the war paved way to the expansion of British territory throughout the eastern coastline (Document A). The colonists began to settle on the land beyond the Appalachian Mountains, which resulted in tensions with the Natives who primarily resided there. Canassatego, chief of the Onondaga Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, delivered a speech to the representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. In the speech, he speaks with an accusatory tone as he is angered by the unrightfully settling of the American colonists (Document B). He sees the white settlers as people who spoil his hunting and addresses to the representatives that they know the colonists have no right to settle in the Natives’ land. Because of this  speech and Pontiac’s Rebellion, Britain was forced to implement the Proclamation Line of 1763, which prevented American settlers from moving past the Appalachian Mountains. Generally, this angered the settlers because they believed they deserved the land due to their service in the war. This was an initial step to the Americans’ shift of ideology to rebellion. At the end of the war, Britain’s economy rapidly declined and it struggled to pay its war debts. As a means to solve this issue, it enforced a series of acts on the American colonists. A British Order in Council of 1763 concluded that the current revenue from the colonies was not sufficient to pay a fourth of the cost to collect it (Document F). It deemed it necessary to impose the controversial Stamp Act, a tax on all paper goods. The council speaks with concern as it stresses the income from the colonies is not nearly enough to relieve the debt. The council, however, only looks from Parliament’s view of needing to relieve the debt rather than the colonists’ view of unfair taxation. Colonists began to organize protests, chanting â€Å"No taxation without representation† as their slogan. On August 9, 1765, Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter to a close ally, John Hughes. In the letter, Franklin informs his friend of the uncertainty of the removal of the Stamp Act. Though he says it would be wise to stay loyal to Britain because if they were caught talking about expelling an act, they would be tried with treason (Document G). Franklin’s point of view is prudent because he cares for the future of him and his ally. He goes on to tell Hughes if he attempts to repel the act, his traits will always be remembered by the colonists. Another tax implemented by the British was the Sugar Act, which added a three cents tax and sales tax on sugar, a high value commodity. The series of taxes provoked the American colonists to boycott all British goods. The boycott severely weakened the already damaged economy of Britain. As colonial unity was formed within the boycott, colonial ideological values differed tremendously after the war. Colonists were already filled with resentment due to the Proclamation Line of 1763 and the taxation caused Britain’s and the colonists’ relationship to decline further.

Carrie Chapman Catt, Suffragette, Activist, Feminist

Carrie Chapman Catt, Suffragette, Activist, Feminist Carrie Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859–March 9, 1947) was a teacher and journalist who was active in the womans suffrage movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the founder of the League of Women Voters and president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Fast Facts: Carrie Chapman Catt Known For:  Leader in the womens suffrage movementBorn: February 9, 1859 in Ripon, WisconsinParents: Lucius Lane and Maria Clinton LaneDied: March 9, 1947 in New Rochelle, New YorkEducation:  Iowa State Agricultural College, B.S. in General Science, 1880Spouse(s): Leo Chapman (m. 1885), George W. Catt (m. 1890–1905)Children: None Early Life Carrie Chapman Catt was born Carrie Clinton Lane in Ripon, Wisconsin on February 9, 1859, the second child and only daughter of farmers Lucius and Maria Clinton Lane. Lucius had participated but did not find much luck in the California Gold Rush of 1850, returning to Cleveland Ohio and purchasing a coal business. He married Maria Clinton in 1855, and, discovering that he disliked cities, bought the Ripon farm. Their first child William was born there in 1856. Maria was outspoken and well-educated for the time, having attended Oread Collegiate Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. When Carrie was 7, the family moved to a farm outside of Charles City, Iowa, building a new brick house. Carrie attended a one-room schoolhouse and then the Charles City high school. At the age of 13, she wanted to know why her mother wouldnt be voting in the presidential election of 1872: Her family laughed at her: women werent allowed to vote in the United States at the time. In her early teens she wanted to become a doctor and began bringing live reptiles and insects into the house to study them, to the distress of her father. She borrowed and read Darwins Origin of Species from a neighbor and wanted to know why her history book omitted all of that interesting information. In 1877, Carrie attended Iowa State Agricultural College (now Iowa State University), having saved up money to cover the room and board (about $150/year, and tuition was free) by teaching school in the summers. While there, she organized a womans military drill (there was one for men but not women) and won the right for women to speak at the Crescent Literary Society. She joined the Pi Beta Phi Fraternity- despite its name, it was coed. In November 1880 she graduated with a bachelors degree in the General Science Course for Women, making her the only woman in a class of 18. She started her journalism career by writing in the Iowa Homestead magazine about the drudgery of housework. Carrie Lane began reading law with a Charles City attorney, but in 1881 she received an offer to teach in Mason City, Iowa and she accepted. Professional Life and Marriage Two years later in 1883, she became superintendent of schools in Mason City. In February 1885, she married newspaper editor and publisher Leo Chapman (1857–1885) and became co-editor of the newspaper. After Leo was accused of criminal libel later that year, the Chapmans planned to move to California. Just after he arrived, and while his wife was on her way to join him, he caught typhoid fever and died, leaving his new wife to make her own way. She found work in San Francisco as a newspaper reporter. She soon joined the woman suffrage movement as a lecturer and moved back to Iowa, where she joined the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association and the Womens Christian Temperance Union. In 1890, she was a delegate at the newly formed National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1890 she married wealthy engineer George W. Catt (1860–1905), whom she had originally met in college and saw him again during her time in San Francisco. They signed a prenuptial agreement, which guaranteed her two months in the spring and two in the fall for her suffrage work. He supported her in these efforts, considering that his role in the marriage was to earn their living and hers was to reform society. They had no children. National and International Suffrage Role Her effective organizing work brought her quickly into the inner circles of the suffrage movement. Carrie Chapman Catt became head of field organizing for the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1895 and in 1900, having earned the trust of the leaders of that organization, including Susan B. Anthony, was elected to succeed Anthony as president. Four years later, Catt resigned the presidency to care for her husband, who died in 1905- Rev. Anna Shaw took over her role as NAWSA president. Carrie Chapman Catt was a founder and president of the International Woman Suffrage Association, serving from 1904 to 1923 and until her death as honorary president. In 1915, Catt was re-elected to the presidency of the NAWSA, succeeding Anna Shaw, and led the organization in fighting for suffrage laws at both the state and federal levels. She opposed the efforts of the newly active Alice Paul to hold Democrats in office responsible for the failure of woman suffrage laws, and to work only at the federal level for a constitutional amendment. This split resulted in Pauls faction leaving the NAWSA and forming the Congressional Union, later the Womans Party. Role in Final Passage of Suffrage Amendment Her leadership was key in the final passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920: without the state reforms- an increased number of states in which women could vote in primary elections and regular elections- the 1920 victory could not have been won. Also key was the bequest in 1914 of Mrs. Frank Leslie (Miriam Folline Leslie) of nearly a million dollars, given to Catt to support the suffrage effort. Legacy and Death Carrie Chapman Catt was one of the founders of the Womens Peace Party during World War I and helped organize the League of Women Voters after the passage of the 19th Amendment (she served the League as honorary president until her death). She also supported the League of Nations after World War I and the founding of the United Nations after World War II. Between the wars, she worked for Jewish refugee relief efforts and child labor protection laws. When her husband died, she went to live with a longtime friend and fellow suffragist Mary Garrett Hay. They moved to New Rochelle, New York, where Catt died in 1947. When measuring the organizational contributions of the many workers for woman suffrage, most would credit Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Lucretia Mott, Alice Paul, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucy Stone with having the most influence in winning the vote for American women. The effect of this victory was then felt worldwide, as women in other nations were inspired directly and indirectly to win the vote for themselves. Recent Controversy In 1996, when Iowa State University (Catts alma mater) proposed to name a building after Catt, controversy broke out over racist statements that Catt had made in her lifetime, including stating that white supremacy will be strengthened, not weakened, by womens suffrage. The discussion highlights issues about the suffrage movement and its strategies to win support in the South. Sources Laurence, Frances. Maverick Women: 19th Century Women Who Kicked over the Traces. Manifest Publications, 1998.  Peck, Mary Gray. Carrie Chapman Catt, Pioneers of the Womans Movement. Literary Licensing, 2011.  Suffragettes Racial Remark Haunts College. The New York Times, May 5, 1996.  Van Voris, Jacqueline. Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life. New York: The Feminist Press, 1996.